[{"id":388,"id_source":402216,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"The LRE Map: what does it tell us about the last decade of our field?","year":2021,"authors":["Del Gratta, R.","Goggi, S.","Pardelli, G.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Del Gratta, R; Goggi, S; Pardelli, G; Calzolari, N","authors_cnr_name":["DEL GRATTA, RICCARDO","GOGGI, SARA","PARDELLI, GABRIELLA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp00284","rp20855","rp20820"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"The LRE Map of Language Resources was introduced at LREC 2010. Its intended purpose was: \"to shed light on the vast amount of resources that represent the background of the research presented at LREC\" (Calzolari et al. in: Calzolari et al. (eds) Proceedings of the seventh international conference on language resources and evaluation (LREC'10). European Language Resources Association (ELRA), Valletta, 2010). It also aimed at a change of culture in the field, actively engaging each researcher both in the documentation task about resources and in sharing resources. When we started to use it regularly also in other conferences, it became clear that it was an innovative instrument able to provide a picture of the field and its evolution as reflected by the creation and use of Language Resources. After 9 years we revisit the Map, considerably extending the data analysed in an LREC 2018 paper. The LRE Map data analysed here have been provided by the authors of 21 conferences during the phase of submission of papers, and contain information about 9405 resources. We analyse the LRE Map data from many different viewpoints and the paper reports on the global picture, along the many Map dimensions, on different trends emerging from a diachronic perspective and finally on some comparisons between five editions of the two major conferences present in the Map: LREC and COLING","keywords":["LR infrastucture","metadata","LR documentation"],"pages":"259-283","url":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10579-020-09520-6","volume":"VOLUME 55 (1)","doi":"10.1007\/s10579-020-09520-6","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"LANGUAGE RESOURCES AND EVALUATION","publisher":"","issn":"1574-020X","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-03-07 23:01:10","last_updated_oai":"2025-03-07 23:01:10","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":711,"id_source":376195,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"LREMap, a Song of Resources and Evaluation","year":2018,"authors":["Del Gratta, R.","Goggi, S.","Pardelli, G.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Riccardo Del Gratta; Sara Goggi; Gabriella Pardelli; Nicoletta Calzolari","authors_cnr_name":["DEL GRATTA, RICCARDO","GOGGI, SARA","PARDELLI, GABRIELLA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp00284","rp20855","rp20820"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"After 8 years we revisit the LRE Map of Language Resources, introduced at LREC 2010, to try to get a picture of the field and its evolution as reflected by the creation and use of Language Resources. The purpose of the Map was in fact \"to shed light on the vast amount of resources that represent the background of the research presented at LREC\". It also aimed at a \"change of culture in the field, actively engaging each researcher in the documentation task about resources\". The data analysed here have been provided by the authors of several conferences during the phase of submission of papers, and contain information about ca. 7500 resources. We analysed the LRE Map data from many different viewpoints and the paper reports on the global picture, on different trends emerging from the diachronic perspective and finally on some comparisons between the 2 major conferences present in the Map: LREC and COLING","keywords":["LR Infratructure","Metadata","LR Documentation"],"pages":"1275-1281","url":"http:\/\/www.lrec-conf.org\/proceedings\/lrec2018\/summaries\/300.html","volume":"","doi":"","editors":["Calzolari, N.","Choukri, K.","Cieri, C.","Declerck, T.","Goggi, S.","Hasida, K.","Isahara, H.","Maegaard, B.","Mariani, J.","Mazo, H.","Moreno, A.","Odijk, J.","Piperidis, S.","Tokunaga, T."],"editors_source":"Nicoletta Calzolari (Conference chair), Khalid Choukri, Christopher Cieri, Thierry Declerck, Sara Goggi, Koiti Hasida, Hitoshi Isahara, Bente Maegaard, Joseph Mariani, He\u0301le\u0300ne Mazo, Asuncion Moreno, Jan Odijk, Stelios Piperidis, Takenobu Tokunaga","published":"Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018)","publisher":"European Language Resources Association ELRA (Paris, FRA)","issn":"","isbn":"979-10-95546-00-9","conference_name":"Eleventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018)","conference_place":"Paris","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-09-20 13:34:36","last_updated_oai":"2024-09-20 13:34:36","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":841,"id_source":317422,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"The strategic impact of META-NET on the regional, national and international level","year":2016,"authors":["Rehm, G.","Uszkoreit, H.","Ananiadou, S.","Bel, N.","Bieleviciene, A.","Borin, L.","Branco, A.","Budin, G.","Calzolari, N.","Daelemans, W.","Garabik, R.","Grobelnik, M.","Garciamateo, C.","Van Genabith, J.","Hajic, J.","Hernaez, I.","Judge, J.","Koeva, S.","Krek, S.","Krstev, C.","Linden, K.","Magnini, B.","Mariani, J.","McNaught, J.","Melero, M.","Monachini, M.","Moreno, A.","Odijk, J.","Ogrodniczuk, M.","Pezik, P.","Piperidis, S.","Przepiorkowski, A.","Rognvaldsson, E.","Rosner, M.","Pedersen Bolette, S.","Skadina, I.","De Smedt, K.","Tadic, M.","Thompson, P.","Tufis, D.","Varadi, T.","Vasiljevs, A.","Vider, K.","Zabarskaite, J."],"authors_source":"Rehm, Georg; Uszkoreit, Hans; Ananiadou, Sophia; Bel, Nuria; Bieleviciene, Audrone; Borin, Lars; Branco, Antonio; Budin, Gerhard; Calzolari, Nicoletta; Daelemans, Walter; Garabik, Radovan; Grobelnik, Marko; Garciamateo, Carmen; van Genabith, Josef; Hajic, Jan; Hernaez, Inma; Judge, John; Koeva, Svetla; Krek, Simon; Krstev, Cvetana; Linden, Krister; Magnini, Bernardo; Mariani, Joseph; Mcnaught, John; Melero, Maite; Monachini, Monica; Moreno, Asuncion; Odijk, Jan; Ogrodniczuk, Maciej; Pezik, Piotr; Piperidis, Stelios; Przepiorkowski, Adam; Rognvaldsson, Eirkur; Rosner, Mike; Pedersen Bolette, Sandford; Skadina, Inguna; De Smedt, Koenraad; Tadic, Marko; Thompson, Paul; Tufis, Dan; Varadi, Tamas; Vasiljevs, Andrejs; Vider, Kadri; Zabarskaite, Jolanta","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"This article provides an overview of the dissemination work carried out in META-NET from 2010 until 2015; we describe its impact on the regional, national and international level, mainly with regard to politics and the funding situation for LT topics. The article documents the initiative's work throughout Europe in order to boost progress and innovation in our field","keywords":["Language technology","Multilingual technologies","Machine translation","Language resources","META-NET","META-SHARE"],"pages":"351-374","url":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10579-015-9333-4","volume":"50 (2)","doi":"10.1007\/s10579-015-9333-4","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"LANGUAGE RESOURCES AND EVALUATION","publisher":"","issn":"1574-020X","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-16 11:56:24","last_updated_oai":"2024-06-16 11:56:24","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":901,"id_source":328598,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"edited_volume","type_order":5,"title":"4REAL Workshop: Workshop on Research Results Reproducibility and Resources Citation in Science and Technology of Language","year":2016,"authors":["Branco, A.","Calzolari, N.","Choukri, K."],"authors_source":"Ant\u00f3nio Branco; Nicoletta Calzolari; Khalid Choukri","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"This workshop seeks to foster the discussion and the advancement on a topic that has been so far given insufficient attention in the research area of language processing tools and resources (Branco, 2013, Fokkens et al., 2013) and that has been an important topic emerging in other scientific areas. That is the topic of the reproducibility of research results and the citation of resources, and its impact on research integrity","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/328598","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-22 13:06:07","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":834,"id_source":328564,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Preface: General Chair","year":2016,"authors":["Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Nicoletta Calzolari","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"COLING is organised under the auspices of the International Committee on Computational Linguistics (ICCL, http: \/\/nlp. shef. ac. uk\/iccl\/index. html). ICCL is a very special committee, with no fixed rules and no funding, whose only function is to make sure that aCOLING appears every two years and that it is a good and friendly conference","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/328564","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-29 09:49:31","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":842,"id_source":324176,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"LREC as a Graph: People and Resources in a Network","year":2016,"authors":["Del Gratta, R.","Frontini, F.","Monachini, M.","Pardelli, G.","Russo, I.","Bartolini, R.","Khan, F.","Soria, C.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Del Gratta, R.; Frontini, F.; Monachini, M.; Pardelli, G.; Russo, I.; Bartolini, R.; Khan, F.; Soria, C.; Calzolari, N.","authors_cnr_name":["DEL GRATTA, RICCARDO","FRONTINI, FRANCESCA","MONACHINI, MONICA","PARDELLI, GABRIELLA","RUSSO, IRENE","BARTOLINI, ROBERTO","KHAN, ANAS FAHAD ASLAM","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp00284","rp02790","rp19457","rp20820","rp02389","rp00239","rp05508","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"This proposal describes a new way to visualise resources in the LREMap, a community-built repository of language resource descriptions and uses. The LREMap is represented as a force-directed graph, where resources, papers and authors are nodes. The analysis of the visual representation of the underlying graph is used to study how the community gathers around LRs and how LRs are used in research","keywords":["Language Resources","Resources Documentation","Data Visualisation"],"pages":"2529-2532","url":"http:\/\/www.lrec-conf.org\/proceedings\/lrec2016\/index.html","volume":"","doi":"","editors":["Calzolari, N.","Choukri, K.","Declerck, T.","Goggi, S.","Grobelnik, M.","Maegaard, B.","Mariani, J.","Mazo, H.","Moreno, A.","Odijk, J.","Piperidis, S."],"editors_source":"Nicoletta Calzolari (Conference Chair), Khalid Choukri, Thierry Declerck, Sara Goggi, Marko Grobelnik, Bente Maegaard, Joseph Mariani, He\u0301le\u0300ne Mazo, Asuncio\u0301n Moreno, Jan Odijk, Stelios Piperidis","published":"Tenth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2016)","publisher":"European Language Resources Association ELRA (Paris, FRA)","issn":"","isbn":"978-2-9517408-9-1","conference_name":"Tenth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2016)","conference_place":"Paris","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-12-04 00:24:54","last_updated_oai":"2024-12-04 00:24:54","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":884,"id_source":328826,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"New Developments in the LRE Map","year":2016,"authors":["Popescu, V.","Liu, L.","Del Gratta, R.","Choukri, K.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Popescu, Vladimir; Liu, Lin; DEL GRATTA, Riccardo; Choukri, Khalid; Calzolari, Nicoletta","authors_cnr_name":["DEL GRATTA, RICCARDO"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp00284"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"In this paper we describe the new developments brought to LRE Map, especially in terms of the user interface of the Web application, of the searching of the information therein, and of the data model updates. Thus, users now have several new search facilities, such asfaceted search and fuzzy textual search, they can now register, log in and store search bookmarks for further perusal. Moreover, thedata model now includes the notion of paper and author, which allows for linking the resources to the scientific works. Also, users cannow visualise author-provided field values and normalised values. The normalisation has been manual and enables a better grouping ofthe entries. Last but not least, provisions have been made towards linked open data (LOD) aspects, by exposing an RDF access pointallowing to query on the authors, papers and resources. Finally, a complete technological overhaul of the whole application has beenundertaken, especially in terms of the Web infrastructure and of the text search backend","keywords":["Language resource","LRE Map","Information search and retrieval","Data modelling"],"pages":"4526-4530","url":"http:\/\/www.lrec-conf.org\/proceedings\/lrec2016\/pdf\/1256_Paper.pdf","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"Tenth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2016)","publisher":"European Language Resources Association ELRA (Paris, FRA)","issn":"","isbn":"978-2-9517408-9-1","conference_name":"Tenth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2016)","conference_place":"Paris","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-12-24 16:08:13","last_updated_oai":"2024-12-24 16:08:13","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1037,"id_source":307390,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Visualising Italian Language Resources: a Snapshot","year":2015,"authors":["Del Gratta, R.","Frontini, F.","Monachini, M.","Pardelli, G.","Russo, I.","Bartolini, R.","Goggi, S.","Khan, F.","Quochi, V.","Soria, C.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"DEL GRATTA, Riccardo; Frontini, Francesca; Monachini, Monica; Pardelli, Gabriella; Russo, Irene; Bartolini, Roberto; Goggi, Sara; Khan, Fahad; Quochi, Valeria; Soria, Claudia; Calzolari, Nicoletta","authors_cnr_name":["DEL GRATTA, RICCARDO","FRONTINI, FRANCESCA","MONACHINI, MONICA","PARDELLI, GABRIELLA","RUSSO, IRENE","BARTOLINI, ROBERTO","GOGGI, SARA","QUOCHI, VALERIA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp00284","rp02790","rp19457","rp20820","rp02389","rp00239","rp20855","rp13283","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"This paper aims to provide a first snapshot of Italian Language Resources (LRs) and their uses by the community, as documented by the papers presented at two different conferences, LREC2014 and CLiC-it 2014. The data of the former were drawn from the LOD version of the LRE Map, while those of the latter come from manually analyzing the proceedings. The results are presented in the form of visual graphs and confirm the initial hypothesis that Italian LRs require concrete actions to enhance their visibility","keywords":["Italian Language Resources"],"pages":"100-104","url":"https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/aaccademia\/1277?lang=it","volume":"","doi":"","editors":["Bosco, C.","Tonelli, S.","Zanzotto, F. M."],"editors_source":"Cristina Bosco, Sara Tonelli, Fabio Massimo Zanzotto","published":"Proceedings of the Second Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics CLiC-it 2015","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"978-88-99200-62-6","conference_name":"Second Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics CLiC-it 2015","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-10-02 12:08:04","last_updated_oai":"2024-10-02 12:08:04","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1209,"id_source":260814,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"The language resource Strategic Agenda: the FLaReNet synthesis of community recommendations","year":2014,"authors":["Soria, C.","Calzolari, N.","Monachini, M.","Quochi, V.","Bel, N.","Choukri, K.","Mariani, J.","Odijk, J.","Piperidis, S."],"authors_source":"Soria, Claudia; Calzolari, Nicoletta; Monachini, Monica; Quochi, Valeria; Bel, Nuria; Choukri, Khalid; Mariani, Joseph; Odijk, Jan; Piperidis, Stelios","authors_cnr_name":["SORIA, CLAUDIA","MONACHINI, MONICA","QUOCHI, VALERIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp17652","rp19457","rp13283"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"The main purpose of this paper is to serve as a landmark for future research and in particular for future strategic, infrastructural and coordination initiatives. It presents a preliminary plan for actions and infrastructures that could become the basis for future initiatives in the sector of Language Resources and Technologies (LRTs). The FLaReNet Language Resource Strategic Agenda presents a set of recommen-dations for the development and progress of LRT in Europe, as issued from a three-year consultation of the FLaReNet European project. Recommendations cover a broad range of topics and activities, spanning over production and use of language resources, licensing, maintenance and preservation issues, infrastructures for language resour-ces, resource identification and sharing, evaluation and validation, interoperability and policy issues. The intended recipients belong to a large set of players and stakeholders in LRT, ranging from individuals to research and education institutions, to policy-makers, funding agencies, SMEs and large companies, service and media providers","keywords":["Strategic agenda","Language resources planning","Recommended priority actions"],"pages":"753-775","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/260814","volume":"48 (4)","doi":"10.1007\/s10579-014-9279-y","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"LANGUAGE RESOURCES AND EVALUATION","publisher":"","issn":"1574-020X","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-03-12 02:29:22","last_updated_oai":"2025-03-12 02:29:22","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1230,"id_source":259412,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"book_chapter","type_order":4,"title":"Lexicons, Terminologies, Ontologies: Reflections from Experiences in Resource Construction","year":2014,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Monachini, M.","Quochi, V.","Soria, C.","Toral, A."],"authors_source":"Calzolari Nicoletta; Monachini Monica; Quochi Valeria; Soria Claudia; Toral Antonio","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","QUOCHI, VALERIA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp13283","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"This contribution aims at highlighting the strong interconnection between lexicons, terminologies and ontologies and especially the fundamental role that ontologies and lexica mutually play. Our view is that lexical resources are evolving in nature, from ontologically based lexicons we are going towards lexically based ontologies. We explore different instantiations of the current trend of using formal ontologies as a core module of computational lexicons, presenting the advantages especially in multilingual and terminological contexts. We present work showing that the lexical knowledge already present in non formal computational lexicons can be exploited to derive or enrich a formal ontology without much manual effort. In the terminology domain, we describe the construction of a resource for biology, directly linked to a parallel domain-ontology, that combines characteristics of both lexicons and terminologies, so that is can allow for intelligent access to content. Finally, we describe our experience in two projects in which formal ontologies play a central role in the context of multilingual computational lexicons, where the ontology is what acts as the glue among the different monolingual lexicons and what provides cross-lingual reasoning capabilities","keywords":["Computational Lexicons","Ontology","Terminology","Interoperability","Standards"],"pages":"103-121","url":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/computer\/ai\/book\/978-3-642-45326-7","volume":"","doi":"10.1007\/978-3-642-45327-4_7","editors":["Dershowitz, N.","Nissan, E."],"editors_source":"Nachum Dershowitz and Ephraim Nissan","published":"Language, Culture, Computation. Computational Linguistics and Linguistics. Essays Dedicated to Yaacov Choueka on the Occasion of His 75th Birthday, Part III","publisher":"Springer (Berlin Heidelberg, DEU)","issn":"","isbn":"978-3-642-45326-7","conference_name":"","conference_place":"Berlin Heidelberg","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-03-01 08:06:47","last_updated_oai":"2025-03-01 08:06:47","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1148,"id_source":222250,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"META-SHARE: One year after","year":2014,"authors":["Piperidis, S.","Papageorgiou, H.","Spurk, C.","Rehm, G.","Choukri, K.","Hamon, O.","Calzolari, N.","Del Gratta, R.","Magnini, B.","Girardi, C."],"authors_source":"Piperidis, Stelios; Papageorgiou, Harris; Spurk, Christian; Rehm, Georg; Choukri, Khalid; Hamon, Olivier; Calzolari, Nicoletta; DEL GRATTA, Riccardo; Magnini, Bernardo; Girardi, Christian","authors_cnr_name":["DEL GRATTA, RICCARDO"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp00284"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"This paper presents META-SHARE (www. meta-share. eu), an open language resource infrastructure, and its usage since its Europe-wide deployment in early 2013. META-SHARE is a network of repositories that store language resources (data, tools and processing services) documented with high-quality metadata, aggregated in central inventories allowing for uniform search and access. META-SHARE was developed by META-NET (www. meta-net. eu) and aims to serve as an important component of a language technology marketplace for researchers, developers, professionals and industrial players, catering for the full development cycle of language technology, from research through to innovative products and services. The observed usage in its initial steps, the steadily increasing number of network nodes, resources, users, queries, views and downloads are all encouraging and considered as supportive of the choices made so far. In tandem, take-up activities like direct linking and processing of datasets by language processing services as well as metadata transformation to RDF are expected to open new avenues for data and resources linking and boost the organic growth of the infrastructure while facilitating language technology deployment by much wider research communities and industrial sectors","keywords":["Infrastructures","language resources identification","language resources documentation","metadata","language resources sharing","language resources licensing"],"pages":"1532-1538","url":"http:\/\/www.lrec-conf.org\/proceedings\/lrec2014\/index.html","volume":"","doi":"","editors":["Calzolari, N.","Choukri, K.","Declerck, T.","Loftsson, H.","Maegaard, B.","Mariani, J.","Moreno, A.","Odijk, J.","Piperidis, S."],"editors_source":"Nicoletta Calzolari (Conference Chair), Khalid Choukri, Thierry Declerck, Hrafn Loftsson, Bente Maegaard, Joseph Mariani, Asuncion Moreno, Jan Odijk, Stelios Piperidis","published":"Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation","publisher":"European Language Resources Association ELRA (Paris, FRA)","issn":"","isbn":"978-2-9517408-8-4","conference_name":"LREC'14","conference_place":"Paris","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-10-02 12:40:03","last_updated_oai":"2024-10-02 12:40:03","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1281,"id_source":222944,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"Il Trattamento Automatico della Lingua per la sopravvivenza dell'Italiano nel mondo digitale","year":2013,"authors":["Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Nicoletta Calzolari","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Il TAL nelle sue dimensioni rilevanti","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/222944","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-05 19:52:11","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1314,"id_source":222331,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"book_chapter","type_order":4,"title":"Language Resources: From Infancy to Maturity. Lessons and Next Steps for the UNL Community","year":2013,"authors":["Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Nicoletta Calzolari","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"In the second chapter, Professor Nicoletta Calzolari Zamorani, Research Associate and former Director of CNR-ILC, Pisa, Italy, approaches the questions by giving insight on the general framework surrounding Language Resources (LRs) today. Rather than answering the specific UNL questions directly, she emphasizes the fact that in order to define a language structure such as UNL it is pree-eminent to gather results of analyses from different communities and to define a coherent strategy","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/222331","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-07 11:02:44","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1274,"id_source":128519,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"book_chapter","type_order":4,"title":"Boosting Lexical Resources for the Semantic Web: Generative Lexicon and Lexicon Interoperability","year":2013,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Bertagna, F.","Lenci, A.","Monachini, M."],"authors_source":"Calzolari, N; Bertagna, F; Lenci, A; Monachini, M","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"To make the vision of a European Information Infrastructure and of the Semantic Web a reality, two key issues are tackled: (i) content, which must be dealt with in a multilingual environment; (ii) standards, which are critical to achieve interoperability and integration. In the Semantic Web scenario, ontologies are the key components to manage knowledge, whereas, in Human Language Technology, semantic description is committed to computational lexicons, which have to squarely address the complexity of natural language. Answers to the above issues are found within two frameworks: first, in the framework of Generative Lexicon (GL) theory and GL-based lexicons that account for the complex, multidimensional and multifaceted nature of meaning in lexicon and ontology design; second, in the context of the ISLE enterprise which, with the MILE, represents an essential interface between advanced research in the field of multilingual lexical semantics and the practical task of developing resources for HLT","keywords":["Generative Lexicon","Computational Lexicons","Standards","Semantic Web","Human Language Technology"],"pages":"415-431","url":"http:\/\/download-v2.springer.com\/static\/pdf\/679\/chp%253A10.1007%252F978-94-007-5189-7_18.pdf?token2=exp=1430751723~acl=%2Fstatic%2Fpdf%2F679%2Fchp%25253A10.1007%25252F978-94-007-5189-7_18.pdf*~hmac=2ebe0f4a7ba5903ef47dbc16674a886bcbb26b9d6e4e9c9f209e35787522e5f1","volume":"","doi":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5189-7_18","editors":["Pustejovsky, J.","Bouillon, P.","Isahara, H.","Kanzaki, K.","Lee, C."],"editors_source":"James Pustejovsky, Pierrette Bouillon, Hitoshi Isahara, Kyoko Kanzaki, Chungmin Lee","published":"Text, Speech and Language Technology","publisher":"Springer (Dordrecht, NLD)","issn":"","isbn":"9789400751880","conference_name":"","conference_place":"Dordrecht","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-10 11:46:30","last_updated_oai":"2024-04-10 11:46:30","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1262,"id_source":255564,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"book_chapter","type_order":4,"title":"LMF-Historical Context and Perspectives","year":2013,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Monachini, M.","Soria, C."],"authors_source":"Calzolari, Nicoletta; Monachini, Monica; Soria, Claudia","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"The importance of designing standards for language resources (LR) is firmly established, starting with the Expert Advisory Group for Language Engineering (EAGLES) and International Standards for Language Engineering (ISLE) initiatives. Both EAGLES and ISLE stress the importance of reaching a consensus on (linguistic and nonlinguistic) \"content\", in addition to agreement on formats and encoding issues, and also address the needs of content processing and Semantic Web technologies. The recommendations for standards and best practices issued within the projects became, through the INTERA and mainly the LIRICS project, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) within the ISO TC37\/SC4 committee, where Lexical Markup Framework (LMF) was developed. Standards are fundamental to exchange, preserve, maintain and integrate data and LRs, to achieve interoperability in general, and they are an essential basis of any LR infrastructure","keywords":["EAGLES","international standards for language engineering","interoperability","lexical markup framework (LMF)"],"pages":"1-18","url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118712696.ch1","volume":"","doi":"10.1002\/9781118712696.ch1","editors":["Gil, F.","Patrick, P."],"editors_source":"Francopoulo Gil, Paroubek Patrick","published":"LMF Lexical Markup Framework","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Inc (Hoboken, USA)","issn":"","isbn":"978-1-118-71259-7","conference_name":"","conference_place":"Hoboken","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-08 12:45:08","last_updated_oai":"2024-06-08 12:45:08","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1310,"id_source":257932,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"book_chapter","type_order":4,"title":"LMF as a Foundation for Servicized Lexical Resources","year":2013,"authors":["Hayashi, Y.","Monachini, M.","Savas, B.","Soria, C.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Hayashi, Yoshihiko; Monachini, Monica; Savas, Boras; Soria, Claudia; Calzolari, Nicoletta","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"This chapter argues that the lexical markup framework (LMF) can play a significant role in realizing servicized lexical resources on the Web. To accomplish this goal, it begins with a brief introduction of the notion of servicized resources, and then presents a technical architecture of, what is called, LMF-aware lexicon access services. It presents two implementation showcases to demonstrate the applicability of the LMF and to discuss its possible extensions. The first example deals with WordNet-type computational semantic lexicons, while the other takes up a machine-readable bilingual dictionary primarily compiled for human usage. To conclude the chapter, the final sections summarize the results while reviewing related work","keywords":["lexical markup framework (LMF)","LMF-aware lexicon access services","servicized lexical resources"],"pages":"201-213","url":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/9781118712696.ch14\/references","volume":"","doi":"10.1002\/9781118712696.ch14","editors":["Francopoulo, G."],"editors_source":"Gil Francopoulo","published":"LMF-Lexical Markup Framework","publisher":"Wiley-ISTE (Hoboken, USA)","issn":"","isbn":"9781118712696","conference_name":"","conference_place":"Hoboken","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-28 10:42:12","last_updated_oai":"2024-04-28 10:42:12","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1243,"id_source":228630,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"edited_volume","type_order":5,"title":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Generative Approaches to the Lexicon Generative Lexicon and Distributional Semantics","year":2013,"authors":["Saur\u00ed, R.","Calzolari, N.","Ren Huang, C.","Lenci, A.","Monachini, M.","Pustejovsky, J."],"authors_source":"Saur\u00ed, Roser; Calzolari, Nicoletta; Ren Huang, Chu; Lenci, Alessandro; Monachini, Monica; Pustejovsky, James","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"The papers in this volume represent some of the most recent and exciting work being carried out both within the framework of Generative Lexicon and related approaches to the lexicon and lexical resources. With the recent emphasis in natural language processing on the development of machine learning algorithms, it has become even more important for computational linguists to work on the development of linguistically informed lexical resources, for use in the annotation of corpora and creation of gold standard data for training, as well as the collation of larger theoretical datasets for investigating linguistic phenomena in greater detail and sophistication. These works contribute to this trend as well as to the further development of the mechanisms within GL for describing and explaining semantic and lexical phenomena in language","keywords":["Generative Lexicon","Language Resources"],"pages":"I-126","url":"https:\/\/aclweb.org\/anthology\/W\/W13\/W13-5400.pdf","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"Association for Computational Linguistics (Stroudsburg, USA)","issn":"","isbn":"978-1-937284-98-5","conference_name":"","conference_place":"Stroudsburg","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-19 14:30:30","last_updated_oai":"2024-05-19 14:30:30","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1458,"id_source":4446,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"LMF-aware Web services for accessing semantic lexicons","year":2012,"authors":["Hayashi, Y.","Savas, B.","Monachini, M.","Soria, C.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Hayashi, Yoshihiko; Savas, Bora; Monachini, Monica; Soria, Claudia; Calzolari, Nicoletta","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"This paper demonstrates that Wordnet-LMF, a version of ISO LMF, allows us to effectively design and implement Web services for accessing WordNettype semantic lexicons that conform to the REST Web service architecture. The implemented prototype service currently provides access to native wordnets as well as to a bilingual concept dictionary. This paper thus describes slight revisions that were made to the Wordnet-LMF specifications to model and accommodate a nonwordnet-native bilingual concept dictionary","keywords":["Lexical markup framework","Semantic lexicon","Wordnet","Language service","RESTful Web service design"],"pages":"253-264","url":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007%2Fs10579-012-9181-4.pdf","volume":"46 (2)","doi":"10.1007\/s10579-012-9181-4","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"LANGUAGE RESOURCES AND EVALUATION","publisher":"","issn":"1574-020X","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-03-07 06:36:37","last_updated_oai":"2025-03-07 06:36:37","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1397,"id_source":119251,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"book","type_order":3,"title":"The Italian language in the digital age-La lingua italiana nell'era digitale","year":2012,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Magnini, B.","Speranza, M.","Soria, C."],"authors_source":"Nicoletta Calzolari; Bernardo Magnini; Manuela Speranza; Claudia Soria","authors_cnr_name":["SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"This white paper is part of a series that promotes knowledge about language technology and its potential. It addresses educators, journalists, politicians, language communities and others. The availability and use of language technology in Europe varies between languages. Consequently, the actions that are required to further support research and development of language technologies also differ for each language. The required actions depend on many factors, such as the complexity of a given language and the size of its community. META-NET, a Network of Excellence funded by the European Commission, has conducted an analysis of current language resources and technologies. This analysis focused on the 23 official European languages as well as other important national and regional languages in Europe. The results of this analysis suggest that there are many significant research gaps for each language. A more detailed expert analysis and assessment of the current situation will help maximise the impact of additional research and minimize any risks. META-NET consists of 54 research centres from 33 countries that are working with stakeholders from commercial businesses, government agencies, industry, research organisations, software companies, technology providers and European universities. Together, they are creating a common technology vision while developing a strategic research agenda that shows how language technology applications can address any research gaps by 2020","keywords":["digital extinction","tecnologie del linguaggio","lingua italiana"],"pages":"69","url":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/computer\/ai\/book\/978-3-642-30775-1","volume":"","doi":"10.1007\/978-3-642-30776-8","editors":["Rehm, G.","Uszkoreit, H."],"editors_source":"Georg Rehm, Hans Uszkoreit","published":"","publisher":"Springer (Berlin, DEU)","issn":"","isbn":"978-3-642-30775-1","conference_name":"","conference_place":"Berlin","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-03 04:40:39","last_updated_oai":"2024-04-03 04:40:39","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1462,"id_source":119646,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"The LRE Map. Harmonising Community Descriptions of Resources","year":2012,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Del Gratta, R.","Francopoulo, G.","Mariani, J.","Rubino, F.","Russo, I.","Soria, C."],"authors_source":"Calzolari, Nicoletta ; Del Gratta, Riccardo ; Francopoulo, Gil ; Mariani, Joseph ; Rubino, Francesco ; Russo, Irene ; Soria, Claudia","authors_cnr_name":["DEL GRATTA, RICCARDO","RUSSO, IRENE","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp00284","rp02389","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Accurate and reliable documentation of Language Resources is an undisputable need: documentation is the gateway to discovery of Language Resources, a necessary step towards promoting the data economy. Language resources that are not documented virtually do not exist: for this reason every initiative able to collect and harmonise metadata about resources represents a valuable opportunity for the NLP community. In this paper we describe the LRE Map, reporting statistics on resources associated with LREC2012 papers and providing comparisons with LREC2010 data. The LRE Map, jointly launched by FLaReNet and ELRA in conjunction with the LREC 2010 conference, is an instrument for enhancing availability of information about resources, either new or already existing ones, reinforcing and facilitating the use of standards in the community. The LRE Map web interface provides the possibility of searching according to a fixed set of metadata and to view the details of extracted resources. The LRE Map is continuing to collect bottom-up input about resources from authors of other conferences through standard submission process. This will help broadening the notion of \"language resources\" and attract to the field neighboring disciplines that so far have been only marginally involved by the standard notion of language resources","keywords":["Language resources","metadata","documentation"],"pages":"1084-1089","url":"http:\/\/www.lrec-conf.org\/proceedings\/lrec2012\/index.html","volume":"","doi":"","editors":["Calzolari, E. N.","Choukri, K.","Declerck, T.","Do\u011fan, M. U.","Maegaard, B.","Mariani, J.","Idijk, J.","Piperidis, S."],"editors_source":"Editors: N. Calzolari, K. Choukri, T. Declerck, M. U?ur Do?an, B. Maegaard, J. Mariani, J. Idijk, S. Piperidis","published":"Proceedings of LREC'12-The Eight International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"978-2-9517408-7-7","conference_name":"The Eight International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'12)","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-02-22 22:19:38","last_updated_oai":"2025-02-22 22:19:38","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1493,"id_source":119634,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"The Language Library: supporting community effort for collective resource production","year":2012,"authors":["Del Gratta, R.","Frontini, F.","Rubino, F.","Russo, I.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"DEL GRATTA, Riccardo; Frontini, Francesca; Rubino, Francesco; Russo, Irene; Calzolari, Nicoletta","authors_cnr_name":["DEL GRATTA, RICCARDO","FRONTINI, FRANCESCA","RUSSO, IRENE"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp00284","rp02790","rp02389"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Relations among phenomena at different linguistic levels are at the essence of language properties but today we focus mostly on one specific linguistic layer at a time, without (having the possibility of) paying attention to the relations among the different layers. At the same time our efforts are too much scattered without much possibility of exploiting other people's achievements. To address the complexities hidden in multilayer interrelations even small amounts of processed data can be useful, improving the performance of complex systems. Exploiting the current trend towards sharing we want to initiate a collective movement that works towards creating synergies and harmonisation among different annotation efforts that are now dispersed. In this paper we present the general architecture of the Language Library, an initiative which is conceived as a facility for gathering and making available through simple functionalities the linguistic knowledge the field is able to produce, putting in place new ways of collaboration within the LRT community. In order to reach this goal, a first population round of the Language Library has started around a core of parallel\/comparable texts that have been annotated by several contributors submitting a paper for LREC2012. The Language Library has also an ancillary aim related to language documentation and archiving and it is conceived as a theory-neutral space which allows for several language processing philosophies to coexist","keywords":["annotation","metadata","scientific crowdsourcing"],"pages":"43-49","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/119634","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"The Eight International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'12)","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"The Eight International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'12)","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-03-07 22:50:08","last_updated_oai":"2025-03-07 22:50:08","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1486,"id_source":5324,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"The FLaReNet Strategic Language Resource Agenda","year":2012,"authors":["Soria, C.","Bel, N.","Choukri, K.","Mariani, J.","Monachini, M.","Odijk, J.","Piperidis, S.","Quochi, V.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Soria, Claudia; Bel, N\u00faria; Choukri, Khalid; Mariani, Joseph; Monachini, Monica; Odijk, Jan; Piperidis, Stelios; Quochi, Valeria; Calzolari, Nicoletta","authors_cnr_name":["SORIA, CLAUDIA","MONACHINI, MONICA","QUOCHI, VALERIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp17652","rp19457","rp13283"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"The FLaReNet Strategic Agenda highlights the most pressing needs for the sector of Language Resources and Technologies and presents a set of recommendations for its development and progress in Europe, as issued from a three-year consultation of the FLaReNet European project. The FLaReNet recommendations are organised around nine dimensions: a) documentation b) interoperability c) availability, sharing and distribution d) coverage, quality and adequacy e) sustainability f) recognition g) development h) infrastructure and i) international cooperation. As such, they cover a broad range of topics and activities, spanning over production and use of language resources, licensing, maintenance and preservation issues, infrastructures for language resources, resource identification and sharing, evaluation and validation, interoperability and policy issues. The intended recipients belong to a large set of players and stakeholders in Language Resources and Technology, ranging from individuals to research and education institutions, to policy-makers, funding agencies, SMEs and large companies, service and media providers. The main goal of these recommendations is to serve as an instrument to support stakeholders in planning for and addressing the urgencies of the Language Resources and Technologies of the future","keywords":["strategic agenda","language resources planning","recommended priority actions"],"pages":"1379-1386","url":"http:\/\/www.lrec-conf.org\/proceedings\/lrec2012\/index.html","volume":"","doi":"","editors":["Calzolari, N.","Choukri, K.","Declerck, T.","Dogan, M. U.","Maegaard, B.","Mariani, J.","Odijk, J.","Piperidis, S."],"editors_source":"N. Calzolari, K. Choukri, T. Declerck, M. Ugur Dogan, B. Maegaard, J. Mariani, J. Odijk, S. Piperidis","published":"Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC2012)","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"978-2-9517408-7-7","conference_name":"The Eight International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'12)","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-06-14 00:17:01","last_updated_oai":"2025-06-14 00:17:01","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1390,"id_source":227380,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"misc","type_order":11,"title":"Editors' Note","year":2012,"authors":["Ide, N.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Nancy Ide; Nicoletta Calzolari","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/227380","volume":"","doi":"10.1007\/s10579-012-9190-3","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"1574-020X","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-03-14 22:18:08","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1578,"id_source":175344,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"The BioLexicon: a large-scale terminological resource for biomedical text mining","year":2011,"authors":["Thompson, P.","McNaught, J.","Montemagni, S.","Calzolari, N.","Del Gratta, R.","Lee, V.","Marchi, S.","Monachini, M.","Pezik, P.","Quochi, V.","Rupp, C.","Sasaki, Y.","Venturi, G.","Rebholzschuhmann, D.","Ananiadou, S."],"authors_source":"Thompson, Paul; Mcnaught, John; Montemagni, Simonetta; Calzolari, Nicoletta; DEL GRATTA, Riccardo; Lee, Vivian; Marchi, Simone; Monachini, Monica; Pezik, Piotr; Quochi, Valeria; Rupp, Cj; Sasaki, Yutaka; Venturi, Giulia; Rebholzschuhmann, Dietrich; Ananiadou, Sophia","authors_cnr_name":["MONTEMAGNI, SIMONETTA","DEL GRATTA, RICCARDO","MARCHI, SIMONE","MONACHINI, MONICA","QUOCHI, VALERIA","VENTURI, GIULIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp16780","rp00284","rp09286","rp19457","rp13283","rp00732"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Background Due to the rapidly expanding body of biomedical literature, biologists require increasingly sophisticated and efficient systems to help them to search for relevant information. Such systems should account for the multiple written variants used to represent biomedical concepts, and allow the user to search for specific pieces of knowledge (or events) involving these concepts, e. g., protein-protein interactions. Such functionality requires access to detailed information about words used in the biomedical literature. Existing databases and ontologies often have a specific focus and are oriented towards human use. Consequently, biological knowledge is dispersed amongst many resources, which often do not attempt to account for the large and frequently changing set of variants that appear in the literature. Additionally, such resources typically do not provide information about how terms relate to each other in texts to describe events. Results This article provides an overview of the design, construction and evaluation of a large-scale lexical and conceptual resource for the biomedical domain, the BioLexicon. The resource can be exploited by text mining tools at several levels, e. g., part-of-speech tagging, recognition of biomedical entities, and the extraction of events in which they are involved. As such, the BioLexicon must account for real usage of words in biomedical texts. In particular, the BioLexicon gathers together different types of terms from several existing data resources into a single, unified repository, and augments them with new term variants automatically extracted from biomedical literature. Extraction of events is facilitated through the inclusion of biologically pertinent verbs (around which events are typically organized) together with information about typical patterns of grammatical and semantic behaviour, which are acquired from domain-specific texts. In order to foster interoperability, the BioLexicon is modelled using the Lexical Markup Framework, an ISO standard. Conclusions The BioLexicon contains over 2. 2 M lexical entries and over 1. 8 M terminological variants, as well as over 3. 3 M semantic relations, including over 2 M synonymy relations. Its exploitation can benefit both application developers and users. We demonstrate some such benefits by describing integration of the resource into a number of different tools, and evaluating improvements in performance that this can bring","keywords":["Text Mining","Information Extraction","Computational Lexicon"],"pages":"1-29","url":"http:\/\/www.biomedcentral.com\/1471-2105\/12\/397","volume":"12 (397)","doi":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-397","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"BMC BIOINFORMATICS","publisher":"","issn":"1471-2105","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-03-07 07:10:53","last_updated_oai":"2025-03-07 07:10:53","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1571,"id_source":279904,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"book_chapter","type_order":4,"title":"Linguistica Computazionale e Risorse Linguistiche","year":2011,"authors":["Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Nicoletta Calzolari","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"A partire dagli anni '80 le cosiddette Risorse Linguistiche (RL) hanno progressivamente acquisito un ruolo sempre pi\u00f9 importan\u00ad te nella linguistica computazionale e nel Trattamento Automatico della Lingua (TAL). Questo processo \u00e8 iniziato con il diffondersi degli approcci data-driven, all'interno dei quali le RL hanno con\u00ad tribuito in modo decisivo allo sviluppo di sistemi innovativi e so\u00ad prattutto \"robusti\", cio\u00e8 in grado di trattare i fenomeni reali della lingua cos\u00ec come usata dai parlanti piuttosto che i fenomeni ritenuti \"interessanti\" dal linguista. Si \u00e8 cominciato allora a riconoscere il ruolo infrastrutturale delle RL: Antonio Zampolli \u00e8 stato il primo a comprendere questo ruolo e a lui dobbiamo anche l'introduzione del termine stesso \"risorse linguistiche\"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/279904","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-12 11:25:49","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1589,"id_source":176083,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"book_chapter","type_order":4,"title":"Language Service Ontology","year":2011,"authors":["Hayashi, Y.","Declerck, T.","Calzolari, N.","Monachini, M.","Soria, C.","Buitelaar, P."],"authors_source":"Hayashi, Yoshihiko; Declerck, Thierry; Calzolari, Nicoletta; Monachini, Monica; Soria, Claudia; Buitelaar, Paul","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"The Language Grid is a distinctive language service infrastructure in the sense that it accommodates a wide variety of user needs, ranging from technical novices to experts; language resource consumers to language resource providers. As these language services are various in type and each of them can be idiosyncratic in many aspects, the service infrastructure has to address the issue of interoperability. A key to solve this issue is not only to build the services around standardized resources and interfaces, but also to establish a knowledge structure that copes effectively with a range of language services. Given this knowledge structure, referred to as a service ontology, each language service can be systematically classified and its usage specified by a corresponding API. This not only enables the utilization of existing language resources but facilitates the dissemination of newly created language resources as services","keywords":["Language grid","ontology"],"pages":"85-100","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/176083","volume":"","doi":"10.1007\/978-3-642-21178-2_6","editors":["Ishida, T."],"editors_source":"Toru Ishida","published":"The Language Grid","publisher":"Springer-Verlag (Berlin\/Heidelberg, DEU)","issn":"","isbn":"978-3-642-21177-5","conference_name":"","conference_place":"Berlin\/Heidelberg","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-03-07 22:57:13","last_updated_oai":"2025-03-07 22:57:13","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1514,"id_source":174748,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"edited_volume","type_order":5,"title":"Proceedings of the 3rd European Language Resources and Technologies Forum: Language Resources in the Sharing Age-the Strategic Agenda","year":2011,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Baroni, P.","Soria, C.","Goggi, S.","Monachini, M.","Quochi, V."],"authors_source":"Calzolari, Nicoletta; Baroni, Paola; Soria, Claudia; Goggi, Sara; Monachini, Monica; Quochi, Valeria","authors_cnr_name":["BARONI, PAOLA","SORIA, CLAUDIA","GOGGI, SARA","MONACHINI, MONICA","QUOCHI, VALERIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp24987","rp17652","rp20855","rp19457","rp13283"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Proceedings of the third FLaReNet forum on the European Language Resources and Technologies, held in Venezia, at the Auditorium Santa Margherita of the Universit\u00e0 Ca' Foscari, on 26-27 May 2011","keywords":["Language Resources","Language Technologies"],"pages":"86","url":"http:\/\/www.flarenet.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/FLaReNet_Forum_2011_Proceedings.pdf","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-07 10:28:13","last_updated_oai":"2024-04-07 10:28:13","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1512,"id_source":214980,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"The Language Library: Many Layers, More Knowledge","year":2011,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Del Gratta, R.","Frontini, F.","Russo, I."],"authors_source":"Calzolari, Nicoletta; DEL GRATTA, Riccardo; Frontini, Francesca; Russo, Irene","authors_cnr_name":["DEL GRATTA, RICCARDO","FRONTINI, FRANCESCA","RUSSO, IRENE"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp00284","rp02790","rp02389"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"In this paper we outline the general concept of the Language Library, a new initiative that has the purpose of building a huge archive of structured colletion of linguistic information. The Language Library is conceived as a community built repository and as an environment that allows language specialists to share multidimensional and multi-level annotated\/processed resources. The first steps towards its implementation are briefly sketched","keywords":["Language Resources","Language Library"],"pages":"93-97","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/214980","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"Workshop on Language Resources, Technology and Services in the Sharing Paradigm","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"978-974-466-564-5","conference_name":"Workshop on Language Resources, Technology and Services in the Sharing Paradigm","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-12-24 16:10:48","last_updated_oai":"2024-12-24 16:10:48","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1583,"id_source":217943,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Interoperability Framework: The FLaReNet action plan proposal","year":2011,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Monachini, M.","Quochi, V."],"authors_source":"Calzolari, Nicoletta; Monachini, Monica; Quochi, Valeria","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","QUOCHI, VALERIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp13283"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Standards are fundamental to ex-change, preserve, maintain and integrate data and language resources, and as an essential basis of any language resource infrastructure. This paper promotes an Interoperability Framework as a dynamic environment of standards and guidelines, also intended to support the provision of language-(web)service interoperability. In the past two decades, the need to define common practices and formats for linguistic resources has been increasingly recognized and sought. Today open, collaborative, shared data is at the core of a sound language strategy, and standardisation is actively on the move. This paper first describes the current landscape of standards, and presents the major barriers to their adoption; then, it describes those scenarios that critically involve the use of standards and provide a strong motivation for their adoption; lastly, a series of actions and steps needed to operationalise standards and achieve a full interoperability for Language Resources and Technologies are proposed","keywords":["Language Resources","standards"],"pages":"41-49","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/217943","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"978-974-466-564-5","conference_name":"Workshop on Language Resources, Technology and Services in the Sharing Paradigm","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-05 21:39:44","last_updated_oai":"2024-05-05 21:39:44","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1509,"id_source":174116,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"The FLaReNet Databook: http: \/\/www. flarenet. eu\/?q=FLaReNet_Databook","year":2011,"authors":["Baroni, P.","Soria, C.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Baroni, Paola; Soria, Claudia; Calzolari, Nicoletta","authors_cnr_name":["BARONI, PAOLA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp24987","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"A collection of all the factual material collected during the activities of the FLaReNet project and a set of innovative initiatives and instruments that will remain in place for the continuous collection of such \"facts\". Editors: Paola Baroni, Claudia Soria, Nicoletta Calzolari. Contributors: Victoria Arranz, N\u00faria Bel, Gerhard Budin, Tommaso Caselli, Khalid Choukri, Riccardo Del Gratta, Elina Desypri, Gil Francopoulo, Francesca Frontini, Sara Goggi, Olivier Hamon, Erhard Hinrichs, Penny Labropoulou, Lothar Lemnizer, Steven Krauwer, Valerie Mapelli, Joseph Mariani, Monica Monachini, Jan Odijk, Jungyeul Park, Stelios Piperidis, Adam Przepiorkowski, Valeria Quochi, Eva Revilla, Laurent Romary, Francesco Rubino, Irene Russo, Helmut Schmidt, Hans Uszkoreit, Peter Wittenburg","keywords":["Language Resources"],"pages":"","url":"http:\/\/www.flarenet.eu\/?q=FLaReNet_Databook","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-06 11:52:32","last_updated_oai":"2024-04-06 11:52:32","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1551,"id_source":183062,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"The FLaReNet Databook","year":2011,"authors":["Baroni, P.","Soria, C.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Paola Baroni; Claudia Soria; Nicoletta Calzolari","authors_cnr_name":["BARONI, PAOLA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp24987","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"A collection of all the factual material collected during the activities of the FLaReNet project and a set of innovative initiatives and instruments that will remain in place for the continuous collection of such \"facts\". Editors: Paola Baroni, Claudia Soria, Nicoletta Calzolari. Contributors: Victoria Arranz, N\u00faria Bel, Gerhard Budin, Tommaso Caselli, Khalid Choukri, Riccardo Del Gratta, Elina Desypri, Gil Francopoulo, Francesca Frontini, Sara Goggi, Olivier Hamon, Erhard Hinrichs, Penny Labropoulou, Lothar Lemnizer, Steven Krauwer, Valerie Mapelli, Joseph Mariani, Monica Monachini, Jan Odijk, Jungyeul Park, Stelios Piperidis, Adam Przepiorkowski, Valeria Quochi, Eva Revilla, Laurent Romary, Francesco Rubino, Irene Russo, Helmut Schmidt, Hans Uszkoreit, Peter Wittenburg","keywords":["Language Resources","Language Technologies"],"pages":"","url":"http:\/\/www.flarenet.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/FLaReNet_Databook.pdf","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-03-27 10:07:15","last_updated_oai":"2024-03-27 10:07:15","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1526,"id_source":174181,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"Final FLaReNet deliverable: Language Resources for the Future-The Future of Language Resources","year":2011,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Bel, N.","Choukri, K.","Mariani, J.","Monachini, M.","Odijk, J.","Piperidis, S.","Quochi, V.","Soria, C."],"authors_source":"Calzolari, Nicoletta; Bel, Nuria; Choukri, Khalid; Mariani, Joseph; Monachini, Monica; Odijk, Jan; Piperidis, Stelios; Quochi, Valeria; Soria, Claudia","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","QUOCHI, VALERIA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp13283","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Language Technologies (LT), together with their backbone, Language Resources (LR), provide an essential support to the challenge of Multilingualism and ICT of the future. The main task of language technologies is to bridge language barriers and to help creating a new environment where information flows smoothly across frontiers and languages, no matter the country, and the language, of origin. To achieve this goal, all players involved need to act as a community able to join forces on a set of shared priorities. However, until now the field of Language Resources and Technology has long suffered from an excess of individuality and fragmentation, with a lack of coherence concerning the priorities for the field, the direction to move, not to mention a common timeframe. The context encountered by the FLaReNet project was thus represented by an active field needing a coherence that can only be given by sharing common priorities and endeavours. FLaReNet has contributed to the creation of this coherence by gathering a wide community of experts and making them participate in the definition of an exhaustive set of recommendations","keywords":["language resources and technologies","infrastructures"],"pages":"97","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/174181","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-14 10:40:10","last_updated_oai":"2024-04-14 10:40:10","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1504,"id_source":174758,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"FLaReNet Strategic Language Resource Agenda","year":2011,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Quochi, V.","Soria, C."],"authors_source":"Calzolari, Nicoletta; Quochi, Valeria; Soria, Claudia","authors_cnr_name":["QUOCHI, VALERIA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp13283","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Despite the complexity of handling its languages, the European Union has established that cultural and language differences are a unique asset to be preserved. Europe needs to find means-such as technological ones-to overcome the language barriers to support citizens and industry in a multilingual globalised world. The large majority of industrial technological applications that handle natural language, i. e. Machine Translation, Crosslingual Information Retrieval, Multilingual Information Extraction, Automatic Document Indexing, Question Answering, Natural Language Interfaces, etc., include Language Resources as critical components. Although Language Technologies may consist of language independent engines, they depend on the availability of language-dependent knowledge under the form of Language Resources for their real-life implementation. At the same time, it is proved that a critical mass of Language Resources can make advancement in research and technology development possible and quicker, making Europe the leader of the market related to multilingualism. Companies such as Google or Microsoft play a dominant role in this framework, as they have access to a huge amount of data in many different languages, devote considerable resources to Language Technologies, have massive computing power and a direct research-to-application pipeline using a new business model based on so-called \"free\" services. The fact that a US company like Google is delivering some of the most comprehensive Language Technology solutions to support multilingualism should raise concern among EU officials","keywords":["Language resources","infrastructures"],"pages":"23","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/174758","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-06 11:14:28","last_updated_oai":"2024-04-06 11:14:28","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1572,"id_source":183063,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"ECP-2007-LANG-617001 FLaReNet: Final Report","year":2011,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Soria, C.","Baroni, P.","Goggi, S."],"authors_source":"Calzolari, Nicoletta; Soria, Claudia; Baroni, Paola; Goggi, Sara","authors_cnr_name":["SORIA, CLAUDIA","BARONI, PAOLA","GOGGI, SARA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp17652","rp24987","rp20855"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Final report of the FLaReNet project","keywords":["Language Resources"],"pages":"","url":"http:\/\/www.flarenet.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/D1.15.pdf","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-03 23:47:18","last_updated_oai":"2024-05-03 23:47:18","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1506,"id_source":183043,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"ECP-2007-LANG-617001 FLaReNet: Progress Report No. 5","year":2011,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Soria, C.","Bel, N.","Choukri, K.","Mariani, J.","Odijk, J.","Piperidis, S.","Baroni, P."],"authors_source":"Nicoletta Calzolari; Claudia Soria; N\u00faria Bel; Khalid Choukri; Joseph Mariani; Jan Odijk; Stelios Piperidis; Paola Baroni","authors_cnr_name":["SORIA, CLAUDIA","BARONI, PAOLA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp17652","rp24987"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Fifth semestrial report on the progress of the FLaReNet project","keywords":["Language Resources"],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/183043","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-28 15:42:44","last_updated_oai":"2024-05-28 15:42:44","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1573,"id_source":183065,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"ECP-2007-LANG-617001 FLaReNet: Progress Report No. 6","year":2011,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Soria, C.","Bel, N.","Choukri, K.","Mariani, J.","Odijk, J.","Piperidis, S.","Baroni, P.","Goggi, S."],"authors_source":"Nicoletta Calzolari; Claudia Soria; N\u00faria Bel;Khalid Choukri; Joseph Mariani; Jan Odijk; Stelios Piperidis; Paola Baroni; Sara Goggi","authors_cnr_name":["SORIA, CLAUDIA","BARONI, PAOLA","GOGGI, SARA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp17652","rp24987","rp20855"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Sixth semestrial report on the progress of the FLaReNet project","keywords":["Language Resources"],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/183065","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-25 16:33:15","last_updated_oai":"2024-06-25 16:33:15","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1543,"id_source":177116,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"The Standards' Landscape Towards an Interoperability Framework","year":2011,"authors":["Monachini, M.","Quochi, V.","Calzolari, N.","Bel, N.","Budin, G.","Caselli, T.","Choukri, K.","Francopoulo, G.","Hinrichs, E.","Krauwer, S.","Lemnitzer, L.","Mariani, J.","Odijk, J.","Piperidis, S.","Przepiorkowski, A.","Romary, L.","Schmidt, H.","Uszkoreit, H.","Wittenburg, P."],"authors_source":"Monica Monachini; Valeria Quochi; Nicoletta Calzolari; N\u00faria Bel; Gerhard Budin; Tommaso Caselli; Khalid Choukri; Gil Francopoulo; Erhard Hinrichs; Steven Krauwer; Lothar Lemnitzer; Joseph Mariani; Jan Odijk; Stelios Piperidis; Adam Przepiorkowski; Laurent Romary; Helmut Schmidt; Hans Uszkoreit; Peter Wittenburg","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","QUOCHI, VALERIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp13283"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"This document proposes an overview of the current scene towards an Interoperability Framework and acts as a reference point for the current standards that the community fosters and encourages to adopt\/improve. This initiative is in close synchronization with other relevant initiatives such as CLARIN, ELRA, ISO and TEI and META-Share. The document builds on the CLARIN Standardisation Action Plan and adapts and extends it to the needs of the broader LT Community, beyond the SSH research areas including the industry. The main goal of this document is to give a practical orientation for various LT players, both commercial and academic; the main message being that a harmonized domain of language resources and technology can be achieved stepwise, but that an effort to adopt standards is necessary to overcome fragmentation. NB: This is to be intended by no means as a static, closed document, rather a dynamic one which needs to be constantly\/periodically revised and updated by the community itself","keywords":["Standards","interoperability"],"pages":"23","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/177116","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-03-22 23:15:58","last_updated_oai":"2024-03-22 23:15:58","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1582,"id_source":174175,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"Project presentation-results","year":2011,"authors":["Soria, C.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Soria, Claudia; Calzolari, Nicoletta","authors_cnr_name":["SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"International cooperation and re-creation of a community are the most important drivers for a coherent evolution of the Language Resource (LR) area in the next years. FLaReNet has been a European forum to facilitate interaction among LR stakeholders and its structure took into account the fact that LRs present various dimensions and must be approached from many perspectives: technical, but also organisational, economic, legal, political. The Network addressed also multicultural and multilingual aspects, essential when facing access and use of digital content in today's Europe. FLaReNet consolidated existing knowledge, presenting it analytically and visibly, and contributed to structuring the area of LRs of the future by discussing new strategies to: convert existing and experimental technologies related to LRs into useful economic and societal benefits; integrate so far partial solutions into broader infrastructures; consolidate areas mature enough for recommendation of best practices; anticipate the needs of new types of LRs. The outcomes of FLaReNet has been of a directive nature, to help identify those priority areas of LRs of major interest for the public that need public funding to develop or improve. A blueprint of actions has constituted the input to policy development both at EU and national level for identifying new language policies that support linguistic diversity in Europe, in combination with strengthening the language product market, e. g. for new products and innovative services, especially for less technologically advanced languages","keywords":["Language resources","infrastructures","international cooperation"],"pages":"44","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/174175","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-05 10:41:34","last_updated_oai":"2024-04-05 10:41:34","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1655,"id_source":37720,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"FLaReNet-META-NET-CLARIN. La presenza Italiana nei pi\u00f9 importanti progetti strategici e infrastrutturali di TAL in Europa","year":2010,"authors":["Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Calzolari N.","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/37720","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-15 12:35:30","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1706,"id_source":50346,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"book_chapter","type_order":4,"title":"Planning the Future of Language Resources: The Role of the FLaReNet Network","year":2010,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Soria, C."],"authors_source":"Calzolari, N; Soria, C","authors_cnr_name":["SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"In this paper we analyse the role of Language Resources (LR) and Language Technologies (LT) in today Human Language Technology field and try to speculate on some of the priorities for the next years, from the particular perspective of the FLaReNet project, that has been asked to act as an observatory to assess current status of the field on Language Resources and Technology and to indicate priorities of action for the future","keywords":["Language Resources and Technology","strategic initiatives","priorities"],"pages":"1-11","url":"https:\/\/rdcu.be\/dfs8V","volume":"","doi":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12116-6_1","editors":["Gelbukh, A."],"editors_source":"Gelbukh, A.","published":"Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing. CICLing 2010","publisher":"Springer (Berlin, DEU)","issn":"","isbn":"978-3-642-12116-6","conference_name":"","conference_place":"Berlin","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-04-12 00:32:06","last_updated_oai":"2025-04-12 00:32:06","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1685,"id_source":169557,"institutes":["ILC","IIT"],"type":"book_chapter","type_order":4,"title":"Bootstrapping and Collaboratively Enriching the Italian Domain WordNet through the WiKyoto Knowledge Editor","year":2010,"authors":["Ronzano, F.","Monachini, M.","Marchetti, A.","Tesconi, M.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Ronzano, F; Monachini, M; Marchetti, A; Tesconi, M; Calzolari, N","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","MARCHETTI, ANDREA","TESCONI, MAURIZIO"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp24107","rp04403"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Enhancing the development of multilingual resources is of utmost importance for use in computer applications. The need of ever growing resources for effective multilingual content processing has given impulse to a radical change in the perspective of language resource (LR) creation, structuring, exploitation and maintenance. The Web has played a key role in this process: indeed the possibility to access growing amounts of structured and unstructured data as well as the ease of creating and sharing contents between distributed communities of users have strongly affected the methodologies and techniques to bootstrap, enrich and access LRs. From static knowledge bases usually created and maintained by groups of experts and tailored to the specific exploitation contexts, LRs have turned into dynamic repositories of linguistic knowledge. Their content is usually easily accessible over the Web and often exploited aggregated and optimized on-the-fly by on-line information mining services. In this context, the adoption of standardized data formats to facilitate interoperability and data exchange is essential. Moreover, the creation and maintenance of these resources has taken great advantage from the possibility to harvest Web data in order to bootstrap or enrich them. Several new frameworks have been proposed to support access, search, integration and interoperability of \"new generation\" LRs. Wide distributed communities of Web users are more and more directly or indirectly involved in keeping language resources updated or in extending them. After a brief description of modern LRs, we focus our attention on two essential issues involving them: the need for standard formats that support interoperability in a distributed Web context and the possibility for the Web communities to collaboratively maintain and enrich these resources. In particular, we present the Italian WordNet (IWN) and its exploitation in the context of the KYOTO Project, as a real-world scenario where standardization, interlinking, enrichment as well as collaborative editing are put into practice","keywords":["NLP","collaborative editing","wordnet","knowledge representation","wiki"],"pages":"181-208","url":"http:\/\/www.racai.ro\/Multilinguality%20and%20Interoperability\/TOC.html","volume":"","doi":"","editors":["Tufis, D.","Forascu, I."],"editors_source":"Tufis D.; Forascu I.","published":"Multilinguality and Interoperability in Language Processing with Emphasis on Romanian","publisher":"Romanian Academy Publishing House (Bucharest, ROU)","issn":"","isbn":"978-973-27-1972-5","conference_name":"","conference_place":"Bucharest","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-19 23:07:27","last_updated_oai":"2024-04-19 23:07:27","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1598,"id_source":134769,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"edited_volume","type_order":5,"title":"Proceedings of the 2nd European Language Resources and Technologies Forum: Language Resources of the future-the future of Language Resources","year":2010,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Baroni, P.","Monachini, M.","Soria, C."],"authors_source":"Calzolari N.; Baroni P.; Monachini M.; Soria C.","authors_cnr_name":["BARONI, PAOLA","MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp24987","rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Proceedings of the second FLaReNet forum on the European Language Resources and Technologies, held in Barcelona, at the Institut d'Estudis Catalans, on 11-12 February 2010","keywords":["Language Resources","Language Technologies","Future"],"pages":"120","url":"http:\/\/www.flarenet.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/FLaReNet_Forum_2010_Proceedings.pdf","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-11 13:38:49","last_updated_oai":"2024-06-11 13:38:49","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1692,"id_source":183246,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"edited_volume","type_order":5,"title":"Ontology and the lexicon: a natural language processing perspective","year":2010,"authors":["Huang, C.","Calzolari, N.","Gangemi, A.","Lenci, A.","Oltramari, A."],"authors_source":"Huang C.; Calzolari N.; Gangemi A.; Lenci A.; Oltramari A.","authors_cnr_name":["GANGEMI, ALDO"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp23364"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/183246","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-02-09 22:20:49","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1697,"id_source":65159,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Preparing the field for an Open Resource Infrastructure: the role of the FLaReNet Network of Excellence","year":2010,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Soria, C."],"authors_source":"Calzolari N.; Soria C.","authors_cnr_name":["SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"In order to overcome the fragmentation that affects the field of Language Resources and Technologies, an Open and Distributed Resource Infrastructure is the necessary step for building on each other achievements, integrating resources and technologies and avoiding dispersed or conflicting efforts. Since this endeavour represents a true cultural turnpoint in the LRs field, it needs a careful preparation, both in terms of acceptance by the community and thoughtful investigation of the various technical, organisational and practical aspects implied. To achieve this, we need to act as a community able to join forces on a set of shared priorities and we need to act at a worldwide level. FLaReNet-Fostering Language Resources Network-is a Thematic Network funded under the EU eContent program that aims at developing the needed common vision and fostering a European and International strategy for consolidating the sector, thus enhancing competitiveness at EU level and worldwide. In this paper we present the activities undertaken by FLaReNet in order to prepare and support the establishment of such an Infrastructure, which is becoming now a reality within the new MetaNet initiative","keywords":["LR Infrastructures and Architectures","LR national\/international projects","organizational\/policy issues"],"pages":"1295-1300","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/65159","volume":"","doi":"","editors":["Calzolari, N.","Choukri, K.","Maegaard, B.","Mariani, J.","Odijk, J.","Piperidis, S.","Rosner, M.","Tapias, D."],"editors_source":"Nicoletta Calzolari, Khalid Choukri, Bente Maegaard, Joseph Mariani, Jan Odijk, Stelios Piperidis, Mike Rosner, Daniel Tapias","published":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10)","publisher":"European Language Resources Association (ELRA)-Evaluations and Language resources Distribution Agency (ELDA) (Paris, FRA)","issn":"","isbn":"2-9517408-6-7","conference_name":"Seventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation","conference_place":"Paris","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-03-11 14:16:12","last_updated_oai":"2024-03-11 14:16:12","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1619,"id_source":65174,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"The LREC Map of Language Resources and Technologies","year":2010,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Soria, C.","Del Gratta, R.","Goggi, S.","Quochi, V.","Russo, I.","Choukri, K.","Mariani, J.","Piperidis, S."],"authors_source":"Calzolari N.; Soria C.; Del Gratta R.; Goggi S.; Quochi V.; Russo I.; Choukri K.; Mariani J.; Piperidis S.","authors_cnr_name":["SORIA, CLAUDIA","DEL GRATTA, RICCARDO","GOGGI, SARA","QUOCHI, VALERIA","RUSSO, IRENE"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp17652","rp00284","rp20855","rp13283","rp02389"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"In this paper we present the LREC Map of Language Resources (data and tools), an innovative feature introduced in conjunction with the LREC 2010 Conference. The purpose of the Map is to shed light on the vast amount of resources that represent the background of the research presented at LREC, in the attempt to fill in a gap in the community knowledge about the resources that are used or created worldwide. It also aims at a change of culture in the field, actively engaging each researcher in the documentation task about resources. The Map has been developed on the basis of the information provided by LREC authors during the submission of papers to the LREC 2010 conference and the LREC workshops, and contains information about almost 2000 resources. The paper illustrates the motivation behind this initiative, its main characteristics, its relevance and future impact in the field, the metadata used to describe the resources, and finally presents some of the most relevant findings","keywords":["LR national\/international projects","organizational\/policy issues"],"pages":"949-956","url":"http:\/\/www.lrec-conf.org\/proceedings\/lrec2010\/index.html","volume":"","doi":"","editors":["Calzolari, N.","Choukri, K.","Maegaard, B.","Mariani, J.","Odjik, J.","Piperidis, S.","Rosner, M.","Tapias, D."],"editors_source":"Nicoletta Calzolari (Conference Chair); Khalid Choukri; Bente Maegaard; Joseph Mariani; Jan Odjik; Stelios Piperidis; Mike Rosner; Daniel Tapias","published":"LREC'10-Seventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. Proceedings","publisher":"European Language Resources Association (ELRA)-Evaluations and Language resources Distribution Agency (ELDA) (Paris, FRA)","issn":"","isbn":"2-9517408-6-7","conference_name":"LREC 2010 Seventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation","conference_place":"Paris","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-10-02 13:34:34","last_updated_oai":"2024-10-02 13:34:34","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1599,"id_source":65155,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"A Road Map for Interoperable Language Resource Metadata","year":2010,"authors":["Cieri, C.","Choukri, K.","Calzolari, N.","Langendoen, D. T.","Leveling, J.","Palmer, M.","Ide, N.","Pustejovsky, J."],"authors_source":"Cieri C.; Choukri K.; Calzolari N.; Langendoen D. T.; Leveling J.; Palmer M.; Ide N.; Pustejovsky J.","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"LRs remain expensive to create and thus rare relative to demand across languages and technology types. The accidental re-creation of an LR that already exists is a nearly unforgiveable waste of scarce resources that is unfortunately not so easy to avoid. The number of catalogs the HLT researcher must search, with their different formats, make it possible to overlook an existing resource. This paper sketches the sources of this problem and outlines a proposal to rectify along with a new vision of LR cataloging that will to facilitates the documentation and exploitation of a much wider range of LRs than previously considered","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/65155","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-03-11 14:31:02","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1651,"id_source":65149,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"A Web-based Architecture for Interoperability of Lexical Resources","year":2010,"authors":["Del Gratta, R.","D'Onofrio, L.","Bartolini, R.","Caselli, T.","Enea, A.","Monachini, M.","Quochi, V.","Soria, C.","Toral, A.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Del Gratta, R; D'Onofrio, L; Bartolini, R; Caselli, T; Enea, A; Monachini, M; Quochi, V; Soria, C; Toral, A; Calzolari, N","authors_cnr_name":["DEL GRATTA, RICCARDO","BARTOLINI, ROBERTO","ENEA, ALESSANDRO","MONACHINI, MONICA","QUOCHI, VALERIA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp00284","rp00239","rp19059","rp19457","rp13283","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"In this paper we present aWeb Service Architecture for managing high level interoperability of Language Resources (LRs) by means of a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and the use of ISO standards, such as ISO LMF. We propose a layered architecture which separates the management of legacy resources (data collection) from data aggregation (workflow) and data access (user requests). We provide a case study to demonstrate how the proposed architecture is capable of managing data exchange among different lexical services in a coherent way and show how the use of a lexical standard becomes of primary importance when a protocol of interoperability is defined","keywords":["Interoperability","Web sercives","Lexical resources"],"pages":"53-62","url":"http:\/\/weblab.iit.cnr.it\/kyoto\/www2.let.vu.nl\/twiki\/pub\/Kyoto\/Publications\/icgl2010_DOnofrioetal.pdf","volume":"","doi":"","editors":["Fang, A. C.","Ide, N.","Webster, J."],"editors_source":"A. Chengyu Fang; N. Ide; J. Webster","published":"2nd International Conference on Global Interoperability for Language Resources, ICGL 2010","publisher":"City university of Hong Kong press (Hong Kong, CHN)","issn":"","isbn":"978-962-442-323-5","conference_name":"2nd International Conference on Global Interoperability for Language Resources","conference_place":"Hong Kong","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-12-04 00:31:31","last_updated_oai":"2024-12-04 00:31:31","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1674,"id_source":65172,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"An LMF-based Web Service for Accessing WordNet-type Semantic Lexicons","year":2010,"authors":["Savas, B.","Hayashi, Y.","Monachini, M.","Soria, C.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Savas, B; Hayashi, Y; Monachini, M; Soria, C; Calzolari, N","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"This paper describes a Web service for accessing WordNet-type semantic lexicons. The central idea behind the service design is: given a query, the primary functionality of lexicon access is to present a partial lexicon by extracting the relevant part of the target lexicon. Based on this idea, we implemented the system as a RESTful Web service whose input query is specified by the access URI and whose output is presented in a standardized XML data format. LMF, an ISO standard for modeling lexicons, plays the most prominent role: the access URI pattern basically reflects the lexicon structure as defined by LMF; the access results are rendered based on Wordnet-LMF, which is a version of LMF XML-serialization. The Web service currently provides accesses to Princeton WordNet, Japanese WordNet, as well as the EDR Electronic Dictionary as a trial. To accommodate the EDR dictionary within the same framework, we modeled it also as a WordNet-type semantic lexicon. This paper thus propose modifications to LMF","keywords":["Standards for LRs","Lexicon","Lexical database","Web Services"],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/65172","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"2-9517408-6-7","conference_name":"Seventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-08 11:44:03","last_updated_oai":"2024-05-08 11:44:03","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1621,"id_source":65170,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Resource and Service Centres as the Backbone for a Sustainable Service Infrastructure","year":2010,"authors":["Wittenburg, P.","Bel, N.","Borin, L.","Budin, G.","Calzolari, N.","Hajicova, E.","Koskenniemi, K.","Lemnitzer, L.","Maegaard, B.","Piasecki, M.","Pierrel, J.","Piperidis, S.","Skadina, I.","Tufis, D.","Van Veenendaal, R.","V\u00e1radi, T.","Wynne, M."],"authors_source":"Wittenburg P.; Bel N.; Borin L.; Budin G.; Calzolari N.; Hajicova E.; Koskenniemi K.; Lemnitzer L.; Maegaard B.; Piasecki M.; Pierrel J.; Piperidis S.; Skadina I.; Tufis D.; Van Veenendaal R.; V\u00e1radi T.; Wynne M.","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/65170","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-30 23:19:16","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1691,"id_source":183243,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"ECP-2007-LANG-617001 FLaReNet: Annual Report No. 2","year":2010,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Soria, C.","Baroni, P."],"authors_source":"Calzolari N.; Soria C.; Baroni P.","authors_cnr_name":["SORIA, CLAUDIA","BARONI, PAOLA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp17652","rp24987"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":["Language Resources"],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/183243","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-03-27 10:38:16","last_updated_oai":"2024-03-27 10:38:16","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1678,"id_source":183240,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"ECP-2007-LANG-617001 FLaReNet: Progress Report No. 3","year":2010,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Soria, C.","Baroni, P.","Bel, N.","Budin, G.","Choukri, K.","Mariani, J.","Odijk, J.","Piperidis, S."],"authors_source":"Calzolari N.; Soria C.; Baroni P.; Bel N.; Budin G.; Choukri K.; Mariani J.; Odijk J.; Piperidis S.","authors_cnr_name":["SORIA, CLAUDIA","BARONI, PAOLA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp17652","rp24987"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":["Language Resources"],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/183240","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-11 13:41:24","last_updated_oai":"2024-06-11 13:41:24","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1682,"id_source":183250,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"ECP-2007-LANG-617001 FLaReNet: Progress Report No. 4","year":2010,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Soria, C.","Baroni, P.","Quochi, V.","Bel, N.","Budin, G.","Choukri, K.","Mariani, J.","Odijk, J.","Piperidis, S."],"authors_source":"Calzolari N.; Soria C.; Baroni P.; Quochi V.; Bel N.; Budin G.; Choukri K.; Mariani J.; Odijk J.; Piperidis S.","authors_cnr_name":["SORIA, CLAUDIA","BARONI, PAOLA","QUOCHI, VALERIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp17652","rp24987","rp13283"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":["Language Resources"],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/183250","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-21 12:47:52","last_updated_oai":"2024-06-21 12:47:52","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1668,"id_source":106755,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"misc","type_order":11,"title":"The LREC 2010 Map of Language Resources and Tools","year":2010,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Soria, C.","Del Gratta, R."],"authors_source":"Calzolari N.; Soria C.; Del Gratta R.","authors_cnr_name":["SORIA, CLAUDIA","DEL GRATTA, RICCARDO"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp17652","rp00284"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":["Linguistic Tools. Language Resources"],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/106755","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-22 13:02:28","last_updated_oai":"2024-06-22 13:02:28","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1727,"id_source":155268,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"FLaReNet: una red para fomentar los recursos ling\u00fc\u00edsticos (Fostering Language Resources Network: FLaReNet)","year":2009,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Bel, N."],"authors_source":"Calzolari N.; Bel N.","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"FLaReNet is a thematic network whose objective is the preparation of strategies and recommendations for the promotion and development of language technologies and the associated language resources because of their importance for minimizing the impact of the linguistic diversity in a digital and multilingual Europe. The results of this joint process of reflection by researchers and professionals of all around the world will be the basisi of European agreed policies for funding and promoting this sector","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/155268","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-03-23 00:21:05","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1799,"id_source":50345,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"Multilingual resources for NLP in the Lexical Markup Framework (LMF)","year":2009,"authors":["Francopoulo, G.","Bel, N.","George, M.","Calzolari, N.","Monachini, M.","Pet, M.","Soria, C."],"authors_source":"Francopoulo, G; Bel, N; George, M; Calzolari, N; Monachini, M; Pet, M; Soria, C","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Optimizing the production, maintenance and extension of lexical resources is one the crucial aspects impacting Natural Language Processing (NLP). A second aspect involves optimizing the process leading to their integration in applications. With this respect, we believe that a consensual specification on monolingual, bilingual and multilingual lexicons can be a useful aid for the various NLP actors. Within ISO, one purpose of Lexical Markup Framework (LMF, ISO-24613) is to define a standard for lexicons that covers multilingual lexical data","keywords":["LMF","Standardization","ISO-TC37"],"pages":"57-70","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/50345","volume":"43","doi":"10.1007\/s10579-008-9077-5","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"LANGUAGE RESOURCES AND EVALUATION","publisher":"","issn":"1574-020X","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-03-07 22:53:36","last_updated_oai":"2025-03-07 22:53:36","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1792,"id_source":154828,"institutes":["ILC","IIT"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"Exploring Interoperability of Language Resources: the Case of Cross-lingual Semi-automatic Enrichment of Wordnets","year":2009,"authors":["Soria, C.","Monachini, M.","Bertagna, F.","Calzolari, N.","Huang, C.","Hsieh, S.","Marchetti, A.","Tesconi, M."],"authors_source":"Soria C.; Monachini M.; Bertagna F.; Calzolari N.; Huang C.; Hsieh S.; Marchetti A.; Tesconi M.","authors_cnr_name":["SORIA, CLAUDIA","MONACHINI, MONICA","MARCHETTI, ANDREA","TESCONI, MAURIZIO"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp17652","rp19457","rp24107","rp04403"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"In this paper we present an application fostering the integration and interoperability of computational lexicons, focusing on the particular case of mutual linking and cross-lingual enrichment of two wordnets, the ItalWordNet and Sinica BOW lexicons. This is intended as a case study investigating the needs and requirements of semi-automatic integration and interoperability of lexical resources, in the view of developing a prototype web application to support the GlobalWordNet Grid Initiative","keywords":["H.3 INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL. Linguistic processing","Distributed language resources","Interoperable lexical resources","Language services"],"pages":"87-96","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/154828","volume":"43 (1)","doi":"10.1007\/s10579-009-9082-3","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"LANGUAGE RESOURCES AND EVALUATION","publisher":"","issn":"1574-020X","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-03-07 05:38:51","last_updated_oai":"2025-03-07 05:38:51","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1809,"id_source":50342,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"book_chapter","type_order":4,"title":"A Standard Lexical-Terminological Resource for the Bio Domain","year":2009,"authors":["Quochi, V.","Del Gratta, R.","Sassolini, E.","Bartolini, R.","Monachini, M.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Quochi, V; Del Gratta, R; Sassolini, E; Bartolini, R; Monachini, M; Calzolari, N","authors_cnr_name":["QUOCHI, VALERIA","DEL GRATTA, RICCARDO","SASSOLINI, EVA","BARTOLINI, ROBERTO","MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp13283","rp00284","rp17670","rp00239","rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"The present paper describes a large-scale lexical resource for the biology domain designed both for human and for machine use. This lexicon aims at semantic interoperability and extendability, through the adoption of ISO-LMF standard for lexical representation and through a granular and distributed encoding of relevant information. The first part of this contribution focuses on three aspects of the model that are of particular interest to the biology community: the treatment of term variants, the representation on bio events and the alignment with a domain ontology. The second part of the paper describes the physical implementation of the model: a relational database equipped with a set of automatic uploading procedures. Peculiarity of the BioLexicon is that it combines features of both terminologies and lexicons. A set verbs relevant for the domain is also represented with full details on their syntactic and semantic argument structure","keywords":["Lexical representation model","Lexical Database","Computational Lexicography","Special Domains","Standards"],"pages":"325-335","url":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-642-04235-5_28","volume":"5603","doi":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04235-5_28","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"Human Language Technology. 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I underline some of the priority areas of concern today with respect to implementing an open Language Infrastructure, and specifically what we could call a \"Lexical Web\". My objective is to show that it is imperative that there is an underlying global strategy behind the set of initiatives which are\/can be launched in Europe and world-wide, and that a global vision and cooperation among different communities is necessary to achieve more coherent and useful results. I end up mentioning two new European initiatives that go on this direction and promise to be influential in shaping the future of the LR area","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/50341","volume":"","doi":"10.1007\/978-3-540-78159-2_10","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-06-13 00:35:26","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1823,"id_source":230711,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"LREC2008-The Language Resources and Evaluation Conference","year":2008,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Choukri, K."],"authors_source":"Nicoletta Calzolari;Khalid Choukri","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"LREC, launched in 1998 in Granada as a visionary idea of Antonio Zampolli and other colleagues, celebrated its tenth birthday in the wonderful city of Marrakech. The conference had the honour of receiving the Royal Patronage of His Majesty Mohammed VI, King of Morocco, highlighting the importance assigned to multilingual and multicultural issues","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/230711","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"ERCIM NEWS","publisher":"","issn":"0926-4981","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-03-23 00:08:13","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1864,"id_source":65090,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Foundation of a Component-based Flexible Registry for Language Resources and Technology","year":2008,"authors":["Broeder, D.","Declerck, T.","Hinrichs, E.","Piperidis, S.","Romary, L.","Calzolari, N.","Wittenburg, P."],"authors_source":"Broeder D.; Declerck T.; Hinrichs E.; Piperidis S.; Romary L.; Calzolari N.; Wittenburg P.","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/65090","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-04 21:45:54","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1904,"id_source":65103,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"UFRA: a UIMA-based Approach to Federated Language Resource Architecture","year":2008,"authors":["Del Gratta, R.","Bartolini, R.","Caselli, T.","Monachini, M.","Soria, C.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Del Gratta, R; Bartolini, R; Caselli, T; Monachini, M; Soria, C; Calzolari, N","authors_cnr_name":["DEL GRATTA, RICCARDO","BARTOLINI, ROBERTO","MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp00284","rp00239","rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"In this paper we address the issue of developing an interoperable infrastructure for language resources and technologies. In our approach, called UFRA, we extend the Federate Database Architecture System adding typical functionalities caming from UIMA. In this way, we capitalize the advantages of a federated architecture, such as autonomy, heterogeneity and distribution of components, monitored by a central authority responsible for checking both the integration of components and user rights on performing different tasks. We use the UIMA approach to manage and define one common front-end, enabling users and clients to query, retrieve and use language resources and technologies. The purpose of this paper is to show how UIMA leads from a Federated Database Architecture to a Federated Resource Architecture, adding to a registry of available components both static resources such as lexicons and corpora and dynamic ones such as tools and general purpose language technologies. At the end of the paper, we present a case-study that adopts this framework to integrate the SIMPLE lexicon and TIMEML annotation guidelines to tag natural language texts","keywords":["LR Infrastructures and Architectures","LR web services","Lexicon","Lexical database"],"pages":"2634-2639","url":"http:\/\/www.lrec-conf.org\/proceedings\/lrec2008\/pdf\/656_paper.pdf","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"LREC 2008, Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation","publisher":"European Language Resources Association ELRA (Paris, FRA)","issn":"","isbn":"2-9517408-4-0","conference_name":"LREC 2008, Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation","conference_place":"Paris","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-03-14 22:12:29","last_updated_oai":"2025-03-14 22:12:29","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1854,"id_source":65098,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"TimeML: An ontological mapping onto UIMA Type Systems","year":2008,"authors":["Del Gratta, R.","Caselli, T.","Calzolari, N.","Ruimy, N."],"authors_source":"Del Gratta, R; Caselli, T; Calzolari, N; Ruimy, N","authors_cnr_name":["DEL GRATTA, RICCARDO","RUIMY, NILDA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp00284","rp21325"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"TimeML is a markup language for events","keywords":["Infrastructure","UIMA","Event detection"],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/65098","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"ICGL 2008, The First International Conference on Global Interoperability for Language Resources","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"ICGL 2008, The First International Conference on Global Interoperability for Language Resources","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-12-04 00:25:13","last_updated_oai":"2024-12-04 00:25:13","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1889,"id_source":65099,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Ontologizing Lexicon Access Functions based on an LMF-based Lexicon Taxonomy","year":2008,"authors":["Hayashi, Y.","Narawa, C.","Monachini, M.","Soria, C.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Hayashi Y.; Narawa C.; Monachini M.; Soria C.; Calzolari N.","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"This paper discusses ontologization of lexicon access functions in the context of a service-oriented language infrastructure, such as the Language Grid. In such a language infrastructure, an access function to a lexical resource, embodied as an atomic Web service, plays a crucially important role in composing a composite Web service tailored to a user's specific requirement. To facilitate the composition process involving service discovery, planning and invocation, the language infrastructure should be ontology-based; hence the ontologization of a range of lexicon functions is highly required. In a service-oriented environment, lexical resources however can be classified from a service-oriented perspective rather than from a lexicographically motivated standard. Hence to address the issue of interoperability, the taxonomy for lexical resources should be ground to principled and shared lexicon ontology. To do this, we have ontologized the standardized lexicon modeling framework LMF, and utilized it as a foundation to stipulate the service-oriented lexicon taxonomy and the corresponding ontology for lexicon access functions. This paper also examines a possible solution to fill the gap between the ontological descriptions and the actual Web service API by adopting a W3C recommendation SAWSDL, with which Web service descriptions can be linked with the domain ontology","keywords":["Lexicon","LR web services","Standards for LRs","Lexical database"],"pages":"916-922","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/65099","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"2-9517408-4-0","conference_name":"LREC 2008, Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-03-07 07:21:34","last_updated_oai":"2025-03-07 07:21:34","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2677,"id_source":63164,"institutes":["ILC","ISTI"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Evaluation of natural language tools for italian: EVALITA 2007","year":2008,"authors":["Magnini, B.","Cappelli, A.","Tamburini, F.","Bosco, C.","Mazzei, A.","Lombardo, V.","Bertagna, F.","Calzolari, N.","Toral, A.","Bartalesi Lenzi, V.","Sprugnoli, R.","Speranza, M."],"authors_source":"Magnini, B; Cappelli, A; Tamburini, F; Bosco, C; Mazzei, A; Lombardo, V; Bertagna, F; Calzolari, N; Toral, A; Bartalesi Lenzi, V; Sprugnoli, R; Speranza, M","authors_cnr_name":["CAPPELLI, AMEDEO"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp06418"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"EVALITA 2007, the first edition of the initiative devoted to the evaluation of Natural Language Processing tools for Italian, provided a shared framework where participants' systems had the possibility to be evaluated on five different tasks, namely Part of Speech Tagging (organised by the University of Bologna), Parsing (organised by the University of Torino), Word Sense Disambiguation (organised by CNR-ILC, Pisa), Temporal Expression Recognition and Normalization (organised by CELCT, Trento), and Named Entity Recognition (organised by FBK, Trento). We believe that the diffusion of shared tasks and shared evaluation practices is a crucial step towards the development of resources and tools for Natural Language Processing. Experiences of this kind, in fact, are a valuable contribution to the validation of existing models and data, allowing for consistent comparisons among approaches and among representation schemes. The good response obtained by EVALITA, both in the number of participants and in the quality of results, showed that pursuing such goals is feasible not only for English, but also for other languages","keywords":["Natural language evaluation","Standards for LRs","Evaluation methodo"],"pages":"2536-2543","url":"http:\/\/www.lrec-conf.org\/proceedings\/lrec2008\/","volume":"","doi":"","editors":["Calzolari, N.","Choukri, K.","Maegard, B."],"editors_source":"Nicoletta calzolari, Khalid Choukri, Bente Maegard","published":"Proceeding LREC 2008","publisher":"European Language Resources Association ELRA (Paris, FRA)","issn":"","isbn":"2-9517408-4-0","conference_name":"Proceedings of LREC 2008","conference_place":"Paris","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-09-16 23:46:05","last_updated_oai":"2024-09-16 23:46:05","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1841,"id_source":148288,"institutes":["ILC","ISTI"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Evaluation of natural language tools for italian: EVALITA 2007","year":2008,"authors":["Magnini, B.","Cappelli, A.","Tamburini, F.","Bosco, C.","Mazzei, A.","Lombardo, V.","Bertagna, F.","Calzolari, N.","Toral, R. A.","Bartalesi, L. V.","Sprugnoli, R.","Speranza, M."],"authors_source":"Magnini B.; Cappelli A.; Tamburini F.; Bosco C.; Mazzei A.; Lombardo V.; Bertagna F.; Calzolari N.; Toral Ruiz A.; Bartalesi Lenzi V.; Sprugnoli R.; Speranza M.","authors_cnr_name":["CAPPELLI, AMEDEO","BARTALESI LENZI, VALENTINA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp06418","rp00398"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"EVALITA 2007, the first edition of the initiative devoted to the evaluation of Natural Language Processing tools for Italian, provided a shared framework where participants' systems had the possibility to be evaluated on five different tasks, namely Part of Speech Tagging (organised by the University of Bologna), Parsing (organised by the University of Torino), Word Sense Disambiguation (organised by CNR-ILC, Pisa), Temporal Expression Recognition and Normalization (organised by CELCT, Trento), and Named Entity Recognition (organised by FBK, Trento). We believe that the diffusion of shared tasks and shared evaluation practices is a crucial step towards the development of resources and tools for Natural Language Processing. Experiences of this kind, in fact, are a valuable contribution to the validation of existing models and data, allowing for consistent comparisons among approaches and among representation schemes. The good response obtained by EVALITA, both in the number of participants and in the quality of results, showed that pursuing such goals is feasible not only for English, but also for other languages","keywords":["Natural language evaluation","Standards for LRs","Evaluation methodologies","H.3 INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL. Linguistic processing"],"pages":"2536-2543","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/148288","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"LREC 2008, Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-11-10 08:03:16","last_updated_oai":"2024-11-10 08:03:16","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1900,"id_source":158927,"institutes":["ILC","IIT"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"KYOTO: A System for Mining, Structuring, and Distributing Knowledge Across Languages and Cultures","year":2008,"authors":["Marchetti, A.","Tesconi, M.","Vossen, P.","Agirre, E.","Rigau, G.","Calzolari, N.","Monachini, M.","Fellbaum, C.","Hsieh, S.","Isahara, H.","Kanzaki, K.","Neri, F.","Raffaelli, R.","Vangent, J."],"authors_source":"Marchetti A.; Tesconi M.; Vossen P.; Agirre E.; Rigau G.; Calzolari N.; Monachini M.; Fellbaum C.; Hsieh S.; Isahara H.; Kanzaki K.; Neri F.; Raffaelli R.; Vangent J.","authors_cnr_name":["MARCHETTI, ANDREA","TESCONI, MAURIZIO","MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp24107","rp04403","rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"We outline work to be carried out within the framework of an impending EC project. The goal is to construct a language-independent information system for a specific domain (environment\/ecology) anchored in a language-independent ontology that is linked to WordNets in several languages. For each language, information extraction and identification of lexicalized concepts with ontological entries will be done by text miners (\"Kybots\"). The mapping of language-specific lexemes to the ontology allows for crosslinguistic identification and translation of equivalent terms. The infrastructure developed within this project will enable long-range knowledge sharing and transfer to many languages and cultures, addressing the need for global and uniform transition of knowledge beyond the domain of ecology and environment addressed here","keywords":["Global WordNet Grid","Ontologies and WordNets","Multilinguality","Semantic indexing and search","Text mining"],"pages":"474-484","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/158927","volume":"","doi":"","editors":["Tana\u0301cs, A.","Csendes, D.","Vincze, V.","Fellbaum, C.","Vossen, P."],"editors_source":"Attila Tana\u0301cs, Do\u0301ra Csendes, Veronika Vincze, Christiane Fellbaum, Piek Vossen","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"978-963-482-854-9","conference_name":"GWC2008-The Fourth Global WordNet Conference","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-02-26 05:28:40","last_updated_oai":"2025-02-26 05:28:40","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1879,"id_source":65105,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Using LMF to Shape a Lexicon for the Biomedical Domain","year":2008,"authors":["Monachini, M.","Quochi, V.","Del Gratta, R.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Monachini, M; Quochi, V; Del Gratta, R; Calzolari, N","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","QUOCHI, VALERIA","DEL GRATTA, RICCARDO"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp13283","rp00284"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"This paper describes the design, implementation and population of the BioLexicon in the framework of BootStrep, an FP6 project. The BioLexicon (BL) is a lexical resource designed for text mining in the bio-domain. It has been conceived to meet both domain requirements and upcoming ISO standards for lexical representation. The data model and data categories are compliant to the ISO Lexical Markup Framework and the Data Category Registry. The BioLexicon integrates features of lexicons and terminologies: term entries (and variants) derived from existing resources are enriched with linguistic features, including sub-categorization and predicate-argument information, extracted from texts. Thus, it is an extendable resource. Furthermore, the lexical entries will be aligned to concepts in the BioOntology, the ontological resource of the project. The BL implementation is an extensible relational database with automatic population procedures. Population relies on a dedicated input data structure allowing to upload terms and their linguistic properties and \"pull-and-push\" them in the database. The BioLexicon teaches that the state-of-the-art is mature enough to aim at setting up a standard in this domain. Being conformant to lexical standards, the BioLexicon is interoperable and portable to other areas","keywords":["Domain terminologies","Computational lexicons","Lexical standards","Lexical architectures"],"pages":"153-157","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/65105","volume":"","doi":"","editors":["Delogu, C.","Falcone, M."],"editors_source":"C. Delogu; M. Falcone (eds.)","published":"LangTech 2008-Tecnologia applicata alla linguistica","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"LangTech 2008-Tecnologia applicata alla linguistica","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-12-04 00:26:10","last_updated_oai":"2024-12-04 00:26:10","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1894,"id_source":65076,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"A lexicon for biology and bioinformatics: the BOOTStrep experience","year":2008,"authors":["Quochi, V.","Monachini, M.","Del Gratta, R.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Quochi, V; Monachini, M; Del Gratta, R; Calzolari, N","authors_cnr_name":["QUOCHI, VALERIA","MONACHINI, MONICA","DEL GRATTA, RICCARDO"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp13283","rp19457","rp00284"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"This paper describes the design, implementation and population of a lexical resource for biology and bioinformatics (the BioLexicon) developed within an ongoing European project. The aim of this project is text-based knowledge harvesting for support to information extraction and text mining in the biomedical domain. The BioLexicon is a large-scale lexical-terminological resource encoding different information types in one single integrated resource. In the design of the resource we follow the ISO\/DIS 24613 \"Lexical Mark-up Framework\" standard, which ensures reusability of the information encoded and easy exchange of both data and architecture. The design of the resource also takes into account the needs of our text mining partners who automatically extract syntactic and semantic information from texts and feed it to the lexicon. The present contribution first describes in detail the model of the BioLexicon along its three main layers: morphology, syntax and semantics; then, it briefly describes the database implementation of the model and the population strategy followed within the project, together with an example. The BioLexicon database in fact comes equipped with automatic uploading procedures based on a common exchange XML format, which guarantees that the lexicon can be properly populated with data coming from different sources","keywords":["Lexicon","Ontologies","Lexical database"],"pages":"2285-2292","url":"http:\/\/www.lrec-conf.org\/proceedings\/lrec2008\/pdf\/576_paper.pdf","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"LREC 2008, Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation","publisher":"European Language Resources Association ELRA (Paris, FRA)","issn":"","isbn":"2-9517408-4-0","conference_name":"LREC 2008, Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation","conference_place":"Paris","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-03-09 12:06:05","last_updated_oai":"2025-03-09 12:06:05","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1883,"id_source":65077,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Adapting International Standard for Asian Language Technologies","year":2008,"authors":["Takenobu, T.","Kaplan, D.","Huang, C.","Hsieh, S.","Calzolari, N.","Monachini, M.","Soria, C.","Shirai, K.","Sornlertlamvanich, V.","Charoenporn, T.","Yingju, X."],"authors_source":"Takenobu, T; Kaplan, D; Huang, C; Hsieh, S; Calzolari, N; Monachini, M; Soria, C; Shirai, K; Sornlertlamvanich, V; Charoenporn, T; Yingju, X","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Corpus-based approaches and statistical approaches have been the main stream of natural language processing research for the past two decades. Language resources play a key role in such approaches, but there is an insufficient amount of language resources in many Asian languages. In this situation, standardisation of language resources would be of great help in developing resources in new languages. This paper presents the latest development efforts of our project which aims at creating a common standard for Asian language resources that is compatible with an international standard. In particular, the paper focuses on i) lexical specification and data categories relevant for building multilingual lexical resources for Asian languages; ii) a core upper-layer ontology needed for ensuring multilingual interoperability and iii) the evaluation platform used to test the entire architectural framework","keywords":["LR national\/international projects","Organizational\/policy issues","LR Infrastructures and Architectures","Lexicon","Lexical database"],"pages":"1663","url":"http:\/\/www.lrec-conf.org\/proceedings\/lrec2008\/pdf\/422_paper.pdf","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"European Language Resources Association ELRA (Paris, FRA)","issn":"","isbn":"2-9517408-4-0","conference_name":"LREC 2008, Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation","conference_place":"Paris","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-03-03 06:15:50","last_updated_oai":"2025-03-03 06:15:50","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1817,"id_source":65089,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Lexically-based Ontologies and Ontologically Based Lexicons","year":2008,"authors":["Toral Ruiz, A.","Quochi, V.","Del Gratta, R.","Monachini, M.","Soria, C.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Toral Ruiz, A; Quochi, V; Del Gratta, R; Monachini, M; Soria, C; Calzolari, N","authors_cnr_name":["QUOCHI, VALERIA","DEL GRATTA, RICCARDO","MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp13283","rp00284","rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"This paper deals with the relations between ontologies and lexicons. We study the role of these two components and their evolution during the last years in the field of Computational Linguistics. Subsequently, we survey the current lines of research at ILC-CNR which tackle this topic. They involve (I) the reuse of already existing Lexical Resources to derive formal ontologies, (II) the conversion and combination of terminologies into rich and formal Lexical Resources and (III) the use of formal ontologies as the backbone of multilingual Lexical Resources","keywords":["Resource Infrastructure","UIMA","Clarin"],"pages":"49-59","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/65089","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"AI*IA 2008-10th Congress of Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"AI*IA 2008-10th Congress of Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-12-03 02:44:38","last_updated_oai":"2024-12-03 02:44:38","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1873,"id_source":65091,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"KYOTO: A System for Mining, Structuring, and Distributing Knowledge Across Languages and Cultures","year":2008,"authors":["Vossen, P.","Agirre, E.","Calzolari, N.","Fellbaum, C.","Hsieh, S.","Huang, C.","Isahara, H.","Kanzaki, K.","Marchetti, A.","Monachini, M.","Neri, F.","Raffaelli, R.","Rigau, G.","Tesconi, M.","Vangent, J."],"authors_source":"Vossen, P; Agirre, E; Calzolari, N; Fellbaum, C; Hsieh, S; Huang, C; Isahara, H; Kanzaki, K; Marchetti, A; Monachini, M; Neri, F; Raffaelli, R; Rigau, G; Tesconi, M; Vangent, J","authors_cnr_name":["MARCHETTI, ANDREA","MONACHINI, MONICA","TESCONI, MAURIZIO"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp24107","rp19457","rp04403"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"We outline work performed within the framework of a current EC project. The goal is to construct a language-independent information system for a specific domain (environment\/ecology\/biodiversity) anchored in a language-independent ontology that is linked to wordnets in seven languages. For each language, information extraction and identification of lexicalized concepts with ontological entries is carried out by text miners (\"Kybots\"). The mapping of language-specific lexemes to the ontology allows for crosslinguistic identification and translation of equivalent terms. The infrastructure developed within this project enables long-range knowledge sharing and transfer across many languages and cultures, addressing the need for global and uniform transition of knowledge beyond the specific domains addressed here","keywords":["Information Extraction","Information Retrieval","Digital libraries","Lexicon","Lexical database"],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/65091","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"2-9517408-4-0","conference_name":"LREC 2008, Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-04-17 00:51:25","last_updated_oai":"2025-04-17 00:51:25","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1856,"id_source":106743,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_misc","type_order":8,"title":"BioLexicon: Towards a reference terminological resource in the biomedical domain","year":2008,"authors":["Rebholzschuhmann, D.","Pezik, P.","Lee, V.","Del Gratta, R.","Kim, J.","Sasaki, Y.","McNaught, J.","Montemagni, S.","Monachini, M.","Calzolari, N.","Ananiadou, S."],"authors_source":"Rebholzschuhmann, D; Pezik, P; Lee, V; Del Gratta, R; Kim, J; Sasaki, Y; Mcnaught, J; Montemagni, S; Monachini, M; Calzolari, N; Ananiadou, S","authors_cnr_name":["DEL GRATTA, RICCARDO","MONTEMAGNI, SIMONETTA","MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp00284","rp16780","rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"The BioLexicon is a publicly available large-scale terminological resource which brings together potential terms from several resources representing selected semantic types (genes, proteins, chemicals, species, enzymes, selected ontological terms). The schema of the BioLexicon enables improved resolution of term ambiguity and follows lexical standards for terminological resources","keywords":["BioLexicon"],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/106743","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"16th Annual International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"978-1-61567-371-1","conference_name":"16th Annual International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-12-04 00:26:05","last_updated_oai":"2024-12-04 00:26:05","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1882,"id_source":183216,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"The Lexical Grid: Lexical Resources in Language Infrastructures","year":2008,"authors":["Monachini, M.","Soria, C.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Monachini, M; Soria, C; Calzolari, N","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Language Resources are recognized as a central and strategic for the development of any Human Language Technology system and application product. they play a critical role as horizontal technology and have been recognized in many occasions as a priority also by national and spra-national funding a number of initiatives (such as EAGLES, ISLE, ELRA) to establish some sort of coordination of LR activities, and a number of large LR creation projects, both in the written and in the speech areas","keywords":["Human Language Technology","Language Resources"],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/183216","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-05 10:56:47","last_updated_oai":"2024-04-05 10:56:47","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1876,"id_source":183215,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"Developing International Standards of Language Resources for Semantic Web Applications-Research Report of the International Joint Research Program NEDO","year":2008,"authors":["Tokunaga, T.","Calzolari, N.","Huang, C.","Kiyoaki, S.","Sornlertlamvanich, V.","Yingju, X.","Charoenporn, T.","Chung, S.","Hsieh, S.","Kaplan, D.","Monachini, M.","Pr\u00e9vot, L.","Soria, C."],"authors_source":"Tokunaga, T; Calzolari, N; Huang, C; Kiyoaki, S; Sornlertlamvanich, V; Yingju, X; Charoenporn, T; Chung, S; Hsieh, S; Kaplan, D; Monachini, M; Pr\u00e9vot, L; Soria, C","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"This report describes a three-year project aiming at an international standard for language resources that includes Asian languages. We summarise our contribution to an international standard of lexical markup framework (LMF) and introduce a prototype query expansion system using LMF-compliant lexical resources. Since ISO 24613 was in the FDIS stage and fairly stable, we built sample lexicons in Chinese, English, Italian, Japanese, and Thai based on ISO24613. At the same time, we implemented a query expansion system utilising rich linguistic resources including lexicons described in the ISO 24613 framework. We confirmed that a system was feasible which worked on the tested languages (including both Western and Eastern languages) when given lexicons are compliant with the framework","keywords":["International standards","Language resources","Semantic web applications"],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/183215","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-26 17:23:46","last_updated_oai":"2024-05-26 17:23:46","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1985,"id_source":37706,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"Evalita 2007: The All-Words WSD Task","year":2007,"authors":["Bertagna, F.","Toral, A.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Bertagna F.; Toral A.; Calzolari N.","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"This report describes the Italian all-words sense disambiguation task organized for EVALITA. The objectives of the task and the type of data prepared and distributed to participants are presented. Moreover, evaluation measures and the results obtained by the participating system are introduced","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/37706","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-15 13:46:53","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1952,"id_source":134805,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"book_chapter","type_order":4,"title":"Corpus-based lexicon building: an overview across projects, problems, approaches","year":2007,"authors":["Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Calzolari N.","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/134805","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-14 12:44:25","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1909,"id_source":145342,"institutes":["ILC","IIT"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Cooperative Building of Semantic Resources","year":2007,"authors":["Bertagna, F.","Monachini, M.","Soria, C.","Calzolari, N.","Ronzano, N.","Tesconi, M.","Marchetti, A."],"authors_source":"Bertagna F.; Monachini M.; Soria C.; Calzolari N.; Ronzano N.; Tesconi M.; Marchetti A.","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA","TESCONI, MAURIZIO","MARCHETTI, ANDREA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp17652","rp04403","rp24107"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"In this paper we present LexFlow, a framework for the automatic and cooperative enrichment, integration and exploitation of semantic resources. Borrowing from techniques used in the domain of document workflows, we model the activity of lexicon management as a particular case of workflow instance, where lexical entries move across agents and become dynamically updated. We also give an important exploitation example of the semantic resources managed or built thanks to LexFlow, describing its integration with SemKey, a system for semantic collaborative tagging","keywords":["semantic resources","cooperative knowledge definition","semantic tagging"],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/145342","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"3-540-74781-8","conference_name":"10th Congress of Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence-Cooperative construction of linguistic knowledge bases Workshop","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-18 15:39:53","last_updated_oai":"2024-06-18 15:39:53","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1988,"id_source":65049,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Mapping SIMPLE and TimeML: improving event identification and classification using a semantic lexicon","year":2007,"authors":["Caselli, T.","Prodanof, I.","Ruimy, N.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Caselli, T; Prodanof, I; Ruimy, N; Calzolari, N","authors_cnr_name":["PRODANOF, IRINA RALUCA","RUIMY, NILDA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp21018","rp21325"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/65049","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"GL2007: Fourth International Workshop on Generative Approaches to the Lexicon","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-19 13:43:58","last_updated_oai":"2024-05-19 13:43:58","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1969,"id_source":65053,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Lexical Markup Framework: an ISO Standard for Semantic Information in NLP Lexicons","year":2007,"authors":["Francopoulo, G.","Bel, N.","George, M.","Calzolari, N.","Monachini, M.","Pet, M.","Soria, C."],"authors_source":"Francopoulo, G; Bel, N; George, M; Calzolari, N; Monachini, M; Pet, M; Soria, C","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Lexical Markup Framework (LMF) is a model that provides a common standardized framework for Natural Language Processing (NLP) lexicons. The goals of LMF are to provide a common model for the creation and use of such lexical resources to manage the exchange of data between and among these resources, and to enable the merging of a large number of individual resources to form extensive global electronic resources","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/65053","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"978-3-8233-6314-9","conference_name":"GLDV2007-Lexical-Semantic and Ontological Resources of the GLDV Working Group on Lexicography at the Biennal Spring Conference","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-21 15:23:39","last_updated_oai":"2024-05-21 15:23:39","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1945,"id_source":65056,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Lexical Relations and Domain Knowledge: The BioLexicon Meets the Qualia Structure","year":2007,"authors":["Monachini, M.","Quochi, V.","Ruimy, N.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Monachini, M; Quochi, V; Ruimy, N; Calzolari, N","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","QUOCHI, VALERIA","RUIMY, NILDA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp13283","rp21325"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/65056","volume":"","doi":"","editors":["Bouillon, P.","Danlos, L.","Kanzaki, K."],"editors_source":"P. Bouillon, L. Danlos, K. Kanzaki (eds.)","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"GL2007: Fourth International Conference on Generative Approaches to the Lexicon","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-06-13 00:45:22","last_updated_oai":"2025-06-13 00:45:22","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2589,"id_source":65109,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Toward a Standard Lexical Resource in the Bio Domain","year":2007,"authors":["Quochi, V.","Del Gratta, R.","Sassolini, E.","Monachini, M.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Quochi V, Del Gratta R, Sassolini E, Monachini M, Calzolari N","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"The present paper describes a large-scale lexical resource for the biology domain designed both for human and for machine use. This lexicon aims at semantic interoperability and extendability, through the adoption of ISO-LMF standard for lexical representation and through a granular and distributed encoding of relevant information. The first part of this contribution focuses on three aspects of the model that are of particular interest to the biology community: the treatment of term variants, the representation on bio events and the alignment with a domain ontology. The second part of the paper describes the physical implementation of the model: a relational database equipped with a set of automatic uploading procedures. Peculiarity of the BioLexicon is that it combines features of both terminologies and lexicons. A set verbs relevant for the domain is also represented with full details on their syntactic and semantic argument structure","keywords":["Lexical representation model","Lexical Database","Computational Lexicography","Special Domains","Standards"],"pages":"295-299","url":"","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"Fundacja Uniwersytetu im A. Mickiewicza (Poznan, POL)","issn":"","isbn":"978-83-7177-413-3","conference_name":"LTC07-3rd Language and Technology Conference: Human Language Technology. Challenges of the Information Society","conference_place":"Poznan","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_oai":"2024-10-02 14:24:39","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1968,"id_source":195954,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"FLaReNet: Fostering Language Resources Network. Grant Agreement n\u00b0 617001, eContentPlus","year":2007,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Monachini, M.","Quochi, V.","Soria, C.","Goggi, S.","Baroni, P."],"authors_source":"Calzolari, N; Monachini, M; Quochi, V; Soria, C; Goggi, S; Baroni, P","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","QUOCHI, VALERIA","SORIA, CLAUDIA","GOGGI, SARA","BARONI, PAOLA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp13283","rp17652","rp20855","rp24987"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/195954","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-29 08:48:55","last_updated_oai":"2024-05-29 08:48:55","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1912,"id_source":195940,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"Bio-Lexicon DataBase: Architecture, Concepts and Loading Software","year":2007,"authors":["Del Gratta, R.","Monachini, M.","Quochi, V.","Sassolini, E.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Del Gratta, R; Monachini, M; Quochi, V; Sassolini, E; Calzolari, N","authors_cnr_name":["DEL GRATTA, RICCARDO","MONACHINI, MONICA","QUOCHI, VALERIA","SASSOLINI, EVA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp00284","rp19457","rp13283","rp17670"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/195940","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-29 09:53:25","last_updated_oai":"2024-05-29 09:53:25","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1949,"id_source":195946,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"Lexical Markup Framework: an ISO Standard for Semantic Information in NLP Lexicons","year":2007,"authors":["Francopoulo, G.","Monachini, M.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Francopoulo G.; Monachini M.; Calzolari N.","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/195946","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-03-20 13:20:33","last_updated_oai":"2024-03-20 13:20:33","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1993,"id_source":195947,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"Lexical Standards for ISO ballot","year":2007,"authors":["Francopoulo, G.","Monachini, M.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Francopoulo, G; Monachini, M; Calzolari, N","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/195947","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-10 11:48:29","last_updated_oai":"2024-04-10 11:48:29","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1911,"id_source":129309,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"misc","type_order":11,"title":"BioLexicon Model and Implementation","year":2007,"authors":["Quochi, V.","Del Gratta, R.","Monachini, M.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Quochi, V; Del Gratta, R; Monachini, M; Calzolari, N","authors_cnr_name":["QUOCHI, VALERIA","DEL GRATTA, RICCARDO","MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp13283","rp00284","rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/129309","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-10-02 23:13:52","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":1947,"id_source":457836,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"misc","type_order":11,"title":"LeXFlow: a Prototype Supporting Collaborative Lexicon Development and Cross-fertilization","year":2007,"authors":["Tesconi, M.","Marchetti, A.","Bertagna, F.","Monachini, M.","Soria, C.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Tesconi, M; Marchetti, A; Bertagna, F; Monachini, M; Soria, C; Calzolari, N","authors_cnr_name":["TESCONI, MAURIZIO","MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp04403","rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/457836","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-11-07 00:22:19","last_updated_oai":"2024-11-07 00:22:19","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2019,"id_source":134803,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"book_chapter","type_order":4,"title":"Language Resources and Content Interoperability: technical, strategic and political issues for a new generation of Language Resources","year":2006,"authors":["Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Calzolari N.","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/134803","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-26 10:58:31","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2082,"id_source":64246,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Next Generation Language Resources using Grid","year":2006,"authors":["Calzolari, F.","Sassolini, E.","Sassi, M.","Cucurullo, S.","Picchi, E.","Bertagna, F.","Enea, A.","Monachini, M.","Soria, C.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Calzolari, F; Sassolini, E; Sassi, M; Cucurullo, S; Picchi, E; Bertagna, F; Enea, A; Monachini, M; Soria, C; Calzolari, N","authors_cnr_name":["SASSOLINI, EVA","SASSI, MANUELA","CUCURULLO, SEBASTIANA","PICCHI, EUGENIO","ENEA, ALESSANDRO","MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp17670","rp21726","rp02365","rp21020","rp19059","rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"This paper presents a case study concerning the challenges and requirements posed by next generation language resources, realized as an overall model of open, distributed and collaborative language infrastructure. If a sort of \"new paradigm\" for language resource sharing is required, we think that the emerging and still evolving technology connected to Grid computing is a very interesting and suitable one for a concrete realization of this vision. Given the current limitations of Grid computing, it is very important to test the new environment on basic language analysis tools, in order to get the feeling of what are the potentialities and possible limitations connected to its use in NLP. For this reason, we have done some experiments on a module of the Linguistic Miner, i. e. the extraction of linguistic patterns from restricted domain corpora. The Grid environment has produced the expected results (reduction of the processing time, huge storage capacity, data redundancy) without any additional cost for the final user","keywords":["grid","acquisition","topic classification"],"pages":"1858-1861","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/64246","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"2-9517408-2-4","conference_name":"LREC 2006: 5th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-13 11:04:36","last_updated_oai":"2024-04-13 11:04:36","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2058,"id_source":65032,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"International Standards for Computational Lexicons: their relation to terminology","year":2006,"authors":["Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Calzolari N.","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/65032","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-02 11:50:07","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2004,"id_source":65033,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Lexical markup framework (LMF) for NLP multilingual resources","year":2006,"authors":["Francopoulo, G.","Bel, N.","George, M.","Calzolari, N.","Monachini, M.","Pet, M.","Soria, C."],"authors_source":"Francopoulo, G; Bel, N; George, M; Calzolari, N; Monachini, M; Pet, M; Soria, C","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Optimizing the production, maintenance and extension of lexical resources is one of the crucial aspects impacting Natural Language Processing (NLP). A second aspect involves optimizing the process leading to their integration into applications. In this respect, we believe that the production of a consensual specification on multilingual lexicons can be a useful aid for the various NLP actors. Within ISO, one purpose of LMF (ISO-24613) is to define a standard for lexicons that covers multilingual data","keywords":[],"pages":"1-8","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/65033","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Multilingual Language Resources and Interoperability","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"1-932432-69-8","conference_name":"COLING-ACL Workshop on Multilingual Lexical Resources and Interoperability","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-16 13:04:46","last_updated_oai":"2024-06-16 13:04:46","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2038,"id_source":65017,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"LMF for multilingual, specialized lexicons","year":2006,"authors":["Francopoulo, G.","George, M.","Calzolari, N.","Monachini, M.","Bel, N.","Pet, M.","Soria, C."],"authors_source":"Francopoulo, G; George, M; Calzolari, N; Monachini, M; Bel, N; Pet, M; Soria, C","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"27-32","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/65017","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"2-9517408-2-4","conference_name":"LREC 2006: 5th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-07 10:24:44","last_updated_oai":"2024-04-07 10:24:44","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2102,"id_source":65018,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Lexical Markup Framework (LMF)","year":2006,"authors":["Francopoulo, G.","George, M.","Calzolari, N.","Monachini, M.","Bel, N.","Pet, M.","Soria, C."],"authors_source":"Francopoulo G.; George M.; Calzolari N.; Monachini M.; Bel N.; Pet M.; Soria C.","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Optimizing the production, maintenance and extension of lexical resources is one the crucial aspects impacting Natural Language Processing (NLP). A second aspect involves optimizing the process leading to their integration in applications. With this respect, we believe that the production of a consensual specification on lexicons can be a useful aid for the various NLP actors. Within ISO, the purpose of LMF is to define a standard for lexicons. LMF is a model that provides a common standardized framework for the construction of NLP lexicons. The goals of LMF are to provide a common model for the creation and use of lexical resources, to manage the exchange of data between and among these resources, and to enable the merging of large number of individual electronic resources to form extensive global electronic resources. In this paper, we describe the work in progress within the sub-group ISO-TC37\/SC4\/WG4. Various experts from a lot of countries have been consulted in order to take into account best practices in a lot of languages for (we hope) all kinds of NLP lexicons","keywords":[],"pages":"233-236","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/65018","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"European Language Resources Association (ELRA)-Evaluations and Language resources Distribution Agency (ELDA) (Paris, FRA)","issn":"","isbn":"2-9517408-2-4","conference_name":"LREC 2006: 5th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation","conference_place":"Paris","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-24 11:23:20","last_updated_oai":"2024-04-24 11:23:20","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2055,"id_source":65019,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Language Resources Production Models: the Case of the INTERA Multilingual Corpus and Terminology","year":2006,"authors":["Giouli, V.","Labropoulou, P.","Gavrilidou, M.","Piperidis, S.","Monachini, M.","Soria, C.","Calzolari, N.","Choukri, K."],"authors_source":"Giouli, V; Labropoulou, P; Gavrilidou, M; Piperidis, S; Monachini, M; Soria, C; Calzolari, N; Choukri, K","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"This paper reports on the multilingual Language Resources (MLRs), i. e. parallel corpora and terminological lexicons for less widely digitally available languages, that have been developed in the INTERA project and the methodology adopted for their production. Special emphasis is given to the reality factors that have influenced the MLRs development approach and their final constitution. Building on the experience gained in the project, a production model has been elaborated, suggesting ways and techniques that can be exploited in order to improve LRs production taking into account realistic issues","keywords":["multilingual parallel corpora","language resources production models","less widely digitally available languages"],"pages":"609-614","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/65019","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"2-9517408-2-4","conference_name":"LREC 2006: 5th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-11 23:15:41","last_updated_oai":"2024-05-11 23:15:41","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2091,"id_source":65036,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Towards an Architecture for the GlobalWordNet Initiative","year":2006,"authors":["Marchetti, A.","Tesconi, M.","Ronzano, F.","Rosella, M.","Bertagna, F.","Monachini, M.","Soria, C.","Calzolari, N.","Huang, C. R.","Hsieh, S. K."],"authors_source":"Marchetti A.; Tesconi M.; Ronzano F.; Rosella M.; Bertagna F.; Monachini M.; Soria C.; Calzolari N.; Huang C.R.; Hsieh S.K.","authors_cnr_name":["TESCONI, MAURIZIO","MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp04403","rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/65036","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"SWAP-06, the 3rd Italian Semantic Web Workshop","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-12-29 08:03:41","last_updated_oai":"2024-12-29 08:03:41","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2111,"id_source":221102,"institutes":["ILC","IIT"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Toward an Architecture for the Global Wordnet Initiative","year":2006,"authors":["Marchetti, A.","Tesconi, M.","Ronzano, F.","Rosella, M.","Bertagna, F.","Monachini, M.","Soria, C.","Calzolari, N.","Huang, C.","Hsieh, S."],"authors_source":"Marchetti, A; Tesconi, M; Ronzano, F; Rosella, M; Bertagna, F; Monachini, M; Soria, C; Calzolari, N; Huang, C; Hsieh, S","authors_cnr_name":["MARCHETTI, ANDREA","TESCONI, MAURIZIO","MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp24107","rp04403","rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Enhancing the development of multilingual lexicons is of foremost importance for intercultural collaboration to take place, as multilingual lexicons are the cornerstone of several multilingual applications. However, the development and maintenance of large-scale, robust multilingual dictionaries is a tantalizing task. Moreover, Semantic Web's growing interest towards the availability of high-quality lexical resources and their multilingual interoperability, is focusing more and more attention on this topic. In this paper we present a tool, based on a web service architecture, enabling semi-automatic generation of bilingual lexicons through linking of distributed monolingual lexical resources. In addition to lexicon development, the architecture also allows enrichment of monolingual source lexicons through exploitation of the semantic information encoded in corresponding entries. In the paper we describe our case study applied to the Italian and Chinese wordnets, and we illustrate how the architecture can be extended to access distributed multilingual WordNets over the Internet, paving the way to exploitation in a cross-lingual framework of the wealth of information built over the last decade","keywords":["Lexical resource","wordnet","multilingual interoperability","semantic web"],"pages":"7-35","url":"http:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-201\/35.pdf","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"SWAP 2006-Semantic Web Applications and Perspectives","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-26 10:45:55","last_updated_oai":"2024-06-26 10:45:55","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2005,"id_source":65024,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Unified Lexicon and Unified Morphosyntactic Specifications for Written and Spoken Italian","year":2006,"authors":["Monachini, M.","Calzolari, N.","Choukri, K.","Friedrich, J.","Maltese, G.","Mammini, M.","Odijk, J.","Ulivieri, M."],"authors_source":"Monachini, M; Calzolari, N; Choukri, K; Friedrich, J; Maltese, G; Mammini, M; Odijk, J; Ulivieri, M","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/65024","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"LREC 2006: 5th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-07 10:30:14","last_updated_oai":"2024-04-07 10:30:14","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2054,"id_source":144244,"institutes":["ILC","IIT"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Moving to dynamic computational lexicons with LeXFlow","year":2006,"authors":["Soria, C.","Tesconi, M.","Bertagna, F.","Calzolari, N.","Marchetti, A.","Monachini, M."],"authors_source":"Soria C.; Tesconi M.; Bertagna F.; Calzolari N.; Marchetti A.; Monachini M.","authors_cnr_name":["SORIA, CLAUDIA","TESCONI, MAURIZIO","MARCHETTI, ANDREA","MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp17652","rp04403","rp24107","rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"LeXFlow is a framework for semi-automatic integration of lexicons, already expressed in standardized format. LeXFlow is intended as a tool for, on the one hand, paving the way to the development of dynamic multi-source lexicons; and on the other, for fostering the adoption of standards. Borrowing from techniques used in the domain of document workflows, we model the activity of lexicon management as a particular case of workflow instance, where lexical entries move across agents and become dynamically updated. To this end, we have designed a lexical flow (LF) corresponding to the scenario where an entry of a lexicon A becomes enriched via basically two steps. First, by virtue of being mapped onto a corresponding entry belonging to a lexicon B, the entry(LA) inherits the semantic relations available in B. Second, by resorting to an automatic application that acquires information about semantic relations from corpora, the relations acquired are integrated into the entry and proposed to the human encoder. As a result of the lexical flow, in addition, for each starting lexical entry(LA) mapped onto a corresponding entry(LB) the flow produces a new entry representing the merging of the original two entries","keywords":["computational lexicons","collaborative authoring"],"pages":"12","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/144244","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"2-9517408-2-4","conference_name":"LREC 2006: 5th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-21 17:10:24","last_updated_oai":"2024-05-21 17:10:24","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2040,"id_source":151954,"institutes":["ILC","IIT"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Towards agent-based cross-lingual interoperability of distributed lexical resources","year":2006,"authors":["Tesconi, M.","Marchetti, A.","Bertagna, F.","Monachini, M.","Huang, C.","Calzolari, N.","Soria, C."],"authors_source":"Tesconi M.; Marchetti A.; Bertagna F.; Monachini M.; Huang C.; Calzolari N.; Soria C.","authors_cnr_name":["TESCONI, MAURIZIO","MARCHETTI, ANDREA","MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp04403","rp24107","rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"In this paper we present an application fostering the integration and interoperability of computational lexicons, focusing on the particular case of mutual linking and cross-lingual enrichment of two wordnets, ItalWordNet and Sinica-BOW lexicons. This is intended as a case-study investingating the needs and requirements of semi-automatic integration and interoperability of lexical resources","keywords":["wordnet","multilingual computational lexicons","collaborative authoring"],"pages":"17-24","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/151954","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Multilingual Language Resources and Interoperability","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"1-932432-69-8","conference_name":"ACL Workshop on Multilingual Lexical Resources and Interoperability","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-03-28 19:34:29","last_updated_oai":"2024-03-28 19:34:29","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2024,"id_source":65039,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"LeXFlow: a framework for cross-fertilization of computational lexicons","year":2006,"authors":["Tesconi, M.","Marchetti, A.","Bertagna, F.","Monachini, M.","Soria, C.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Tesconi M.; Marchetti A.; Bertagna F.; Monachini M.; Soria C.; Calzolari N.","authors_cnr_name":["TESCONI, MAURIZIO","MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp04403","rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"This demo presents LeXFlow, a workflow management system for cross-fertilization of computational lexicons. Borrowing from techniques used in the domain of document workflows, we model the activity of lexicon management as a set of workflow types, where lexical entries move across agents in the process of being dynamically updated. A prototype of LeXFlow has been implemented with extensive use of XML technologies (XSLT, XPath, XForms, SVG)and open-source tools (Cocoon, Tomcat, MySQL). LeXFlow is a web-based application that enables the cooperative and distributed management of computational lexicons","keywords":[],"pages":"9-12","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/65039","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"Proceedings of the COLING\/ACL 2006 Interactive Presentation Sessions","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"1-932432-69-8","conference_name":"COLING\/ACL 2006","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-11-07 00:16:39","last_updated_oai":"2024-11-07 00:16:39","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2081,"id_source":75853,"institutes":["ILC","IIT"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"LeXFlow: a system for cross-fertilization of computational lexicons","year":2006,"authors":["Tesconi, M.","Marchetti, A.","Bertagna, F.","Monachini, M.","Soria, C.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Tesconi, Maurizio; Marchetti, Andrea; Bertagna, Francesca; Monachini, Monica; Soria, Claudia; Calzolari, Nicoletta","authors_cnr_name":["TESCONI, MAURIZIO","MARCHETTI, ANDREA","MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp04403","rp24107","rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"This demo presents LeXFlow, a workflow management system for crossfertilization of computational lexicons. Borrowing from techniques used in the domain of document workflows, we model the activity of lexicon management as a set of workflow types, where lexical entries move across agents in the process of being dynamically updated. A prototype of LeXFlow has been implemented with extensive use of XML technologies (XSLT, XPath, XForms, SVG) and open-source tools (Cocoon, Tomcat, MySQL). LeXFlow is a web-based application that enables the cooperative and distributed management of computational lexicons","keywords":["computational lexicons","collaborative authoring"],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/75853","volume":"","doi":"10.3115\/1225403.1225406","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"COLING-ACL '06 Proceedings of the COLING\/ACL on Interactive presentation sessions","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-01 11:30:41","last_updated_oai":"2024-05-01 11:30:41","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2095,"id_source":65040,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Infrastructure for standardization of Asian language resources","year":2006,"authors":["Tokunaga, T.","Sornlertlamvanich, V.","Charoenporn, T.","Calzolari, N.","Monachini, M.","Soria, C.","Huang, C.","Prevot, L.","Xia, Y.","Yu, H.","Kiyoaki, S."],"authors_source":"Tokunaga T.; Sornlertlamvanich V.; Charoenporn T.; Calzolari N.; Monachini M.; Soria C.; Huang C.; Prevot L.; Xia Y.; Yu H.; Kiyoaki S.","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"As an area of great linguistic and cultural diversity, Asian language resources have received much less attention than their western counterparts. Creating a common standard for Asian language resources that is compatible with an international standard has at least three strong advantages: to increase the competitive edge of Asian countries, to bring Asian countries to closer to their western counterparts, and to bring more cohesion among Asian countries. To achieve this goal, we have launched a two year project to create a common standard for Asian language resources. The project is comprised of four research items, (1) building a description framework of lexical entries, (2) building sample lexicons, (3) building an upper-layer ontology and (4) evaluating the proposed framework through an application. 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Paoloni A.","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/134791","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-03-18 06:03:17","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2237,"id_source":77221,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Report on the interlingual annotation experience at ILC-CNR","year":2004,"authors":["Bertagna, F.","Calzolari, N.","Monachini, M.","Soria, C.","Ulivieri, M."],"authors_source":"Bertagna, F; Calzolari, N; Monachini, M; Soria, C; Ulivieri, M","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA","SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457","rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"http:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CDQQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.92.5078%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ei=ksa5UZOcJ8mjhgeziIGQBw&usg=AFQjCNE1nXfd9hHiIstx1Lq_4VaiGDvkkA&sig2=fIUJ3FE3BnBgDALu5T832w&bvm=bv.47883778,d.ZG4","volume":"","doi":"","editors":["Habash, N.","Dorr, B.","Hovy, E.","Reeder, F."],"editors_source":"N. Habash, B. Dorr, E. Hovy, F. Reeder","published":"Biennal Conference of the AMTA-Determining Interlingua Utility for Machine Translation","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"Seventh Interlingua Workshop on Determining Interlingua Utility for Machine Translation","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-07 10:27:35","last_updated_oai":"2024-04-07 10:27:35","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2269,"id_source":77223,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Content Interoperability of Lexical Resources: Open Issues and MILE Perspectives","year":2004,"authors":["Bertagna, F.","Lenci, A.","Monachini, M.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Bertagna F.; Lenci A.; Monachini M.; Calzolari N.","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"The paper tackles the issue of content interoperability among lexical resources, by presenting an experiment of mapping differently conceived lexicons, FrameNet and NOMLEX, onto MILE (Multilingual ISLE Lexical Entry), a meta-entry for the encoding of multilingual lexical information, acting as a general schema of shared and common lexical objects. The aim is to (i) raise problems and (ii) test the expressive potentialities of MILE as a standard environment for Computational Lexicons","keywords":[],"pages":"131-134","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/77223","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"2-9517408-1-6","conference_name":"LREC 2004: Fourth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, held in Memory of Antonio Zampolli. Lisbon, Portugal, Proceedings, Volume I, Paris, The European Language Resources Association (ELRA)","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-25 17:19:26","last_updated_oai":"2024-06-25 17:19:26","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2294,"id_source":77222,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"The MILE Lexical Classes: Data Categories for Content Interoperability among Lexicons","year":2004,"authors":["Bertagna, F.","Lenci, A.","Monachini, M.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Bertagna, F; Lenci, A; Monachini, M; Calzolari, N","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"8","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/77222","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"2-9517408-1-6","conference_name":"LREC 2004: Fourth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation-Workshop: A Registry of Linguistic Data Categories within an Integrated Language Resources Repository Area (INTERA)","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-20 12:16:25","last_updated_oai":"2024-04-20 12:16:25","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2305,"id_source":77219,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Building the LR&E Roadmap: Joint COCOSDA and ICCWLRE Meeting","year":2004,"authors":["Busemann, S.","Calzolari, N.","Choukri, K.","Krauwer","Eds, S."],"authors_source":"Busemann S; Calzolari N; Choukri K; Krauwer; S eds","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/77219","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-03-02 05:33:40","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2261,"id_source":64212,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Computational Lexicons-Open and Distributed Lexical Infrastructure","year":2004,"authors":["Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Calzolari N.","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/64212","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-16 12:51:23","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2273,"id_source":64226,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"European Initiatives to Promote Cooperation between Speech and Text Communities","year":2004,"authors":["Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Calzolari N.","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/64226","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-12 11:36:57","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2296,"id_source":64214,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"ENABLER Thematic Network of National Projects: Technical, Strategic and Political Issues of LRs","year":2004,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Choukri, K.","Gavrilidou, M.","Maegaard, B.","Baroni, P.","Fers\u00f8e, H.","Lenci, A.","Mapelli, V.","Monachini, M.","Piperidis, S."],"authors_source":"Calzolari N.; Choukri K.; Gavrilidou M.; Maegaard B.; Baroni P.; Fers\u00f8e H.; Lenci A.; Mapelli V.; Monachini M.; Piperidis S.","authors_cnr_name":["BARONI, PAOLA","MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp24987","rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"In this paper we present general strategies concerning Language Resources (LRs)-Written, Spoken and, recently, Multimodal-as developed within the ENABLER Thematic Network. LRs are a central component of the so-called \"linguistic infrastructure\" (the other key element being Evaluation), necessary for the development of any Human Language Technology (HLT) application. They play a critical role, as horizontal technology, in different emerging areas of FP6, and have been recognized as a priority within a number of national projects around Europe and world-wide. The availability of LRs is also a \"sensitive\" issue, touching directly the sphere of linguistic and cultural identity, but also with economical, societal and political implications. This is going to be even more true in the new Europe with 25 languages on a par","keywords":["Language Resources","Strategic and Political Issues","Written and Spoken","Linguistic Infrastructure","Supranational Coordination"],"pages":"937-940","url":"http:\/\/www.lrec-conf.org\/proceedings\/lrec2004\/","volume":"III","doi":"","editors":["Lino, M. T.","Xavier, M. F.","Ferreira, F.","Costa, R.","Silva, R."],"editors_source":"Maria Teresa Lino; Maria Francisca Xavier; Fa\u0301tima Ferreira; Rute Costa; Raquel Silva (with the collaboration of Carla Pereira; Filipa Carvalho; Milene Lopes; Mo\u0301nica Catarino; Se\u0301rgio Barros)","published":"Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation","publisher":"European Language Resources Association (ELRA)-Evaluations and Language resources Distribution Agency (ELDA) (Paris, FRA)","issn":"","isbn":"2-9517408-1-6","conference_name":"LREC 2004-Fourth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation","conference_place":"Paris","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-12-04 00:28:17","last_updated_oai":"2024-12-04 00:28:17","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2233,"id_source":64228,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Towards a Language Infrastructure for the Semantic Web","year":2004,"authors":["Declerck, T.","Buitelaar, P.","Calzolari, N.","Lenci, A."],"authors_source":"Declerck T.; Buitelaar P.; Calzolari N.; Lenci A.","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/64228","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-27 22:54:00","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2236,"id_source":195897,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"Final Resources Landscape","year":2004,"authors":["Baroni, P.","Calzolari, N.","Lenci, A.","Quochi, V.","Ulivieri, M."],"authors_source":"Baroni P.; Calzolari N.; Lenci A. ; Quochi V.; Ulivieri M.","authors_cnr_name":["BARONI, PAOLA","QUOCHI, VALERIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp24987","rp13283"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"ELSNET-4 Deliverable D6. 4","keywords":["Language Resources","Landscapes"],"pages":"11","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/195897","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-03-31 13:15:36","last_updated_oai":"2024-03-31 13:15:36","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2231,"id_source":195899,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"Final Resources Roadmap","year":2004,"authors":["Baroni, P.","Calzolari, N.","Mammini, M."],"authors_source":"Baroni P.; Calzolari N.; Mammini M.","authors_cnr_name":["BARONI, PAOLA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp24987"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"ELSNET-4 Deliverable D6. 3","keywords":["Language Resources","Roadmaps"],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/195899","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-03-20 13:16:55","last_updated_oai":"2024-03-20 13:16:55","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2335,"id_source":37647,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"Acquisition of lexical information from a large textual Italian corpus","year":2003,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Bindi, R."],"authors_source":"Calzolari N.; Bindi R.","authors_cnr_name":["BINDI, REMO"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp02230"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"information others than those usually found in machine readable dictionaries or manually encoded by lexicographers are urgently needed. Different sources must be exploited if we want to overcome the \u0093lexical bottleneck\u0094 of Natural Language Processing. Very interesting data can be found by processing large textual corpora, where the actual usage of the language can be truly investigated. These data refer, typically, to various kinds of syntagmatic relations, which are particularly problematic in many NLP applications. The paper describes how this data can be at least partially extracted by processing and analysing large text corpora, with quantitative\/statistic methods. We describe two types of quantitative analyses whose aim is to extract information on the strength of association between two words, and on fixed phrases and idioms. We observe how the measure of the association ratio provides quantitative evidence to a number of lexical, syntactic and semantic relationships between word-pairs. One of the claims is that the linguistic information embodied in all these quite different types of lexical collocations can be helpful for lexical disambiguation in analysis and crucial for lexical selection in generation. This is a step towards a more objective lexicography and a more \u0093data-based\u0094 linguistics","keywords":[],"pages":"117-131","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/37647","volume":"16-17","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-21 13:06:22","last_updated_oai":"2024-06-21 13:06:22","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2330,"id_source":37656,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"The Italian PAROLE corpus: an overview","year":2003,"authors":["Marinelli, R.","Biagini, L.","Bindi, R.","Goggi, S.","Monachini, M.","Orsolini, P.","Picchi, E.","Rossi, S.","Calzolari, N.","Zampolli, A."],"authors_source":"Marinelli, R; Biagini, L; Bindi, R; Goggi, S; Monachini, M; Orsolini, P; Picchi, E; Rossi, S; Calzolari, N; Zampolli, A","authors_cnr_name":["MARINELLI, RITA","BINDI, REMO","MONACHINI, MONICA","ORSOLINI, PAOLA","PICCHI, EUGENIO","ROSSI, SERGIO"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp20115","rp02230","rp19457","rp20684","rp21020","rp21324"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"401-421","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/37656","volume":"16-17","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"LINGUISTICA COMPUTAZIONALE","publisher":"","issn":"0392-6907","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-18 12:50:24","last_updated_oai":"2024-05-18 12:50:24","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2365,"id_source":37676,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"Methods for standardization: the case of morphosyntax within the EAGLES project","year":2003,"authors":["Monachini, M.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Monachini, M; Calzolari, N","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"423-460","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/37676","volume":"16-17 (1)","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"LINGUISTICA COMPUTAZIONALE","publisher":"","issn":"0392-6907","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-18 14:54:11","last_updated_oai":"2024-06-18 14:54:11","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2419,"id_source":37665,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"The syntactic-semantic Treebank of Italian. An Overview","year":2003,"authors":["Montemagni, S.","Barsotti, F.","Battista, M.","Calzolari, N.","Corazzari, O.","Lenci, A.","Pirrelli, V.","Zampolli, A.","Fanciulli, F.","Massetani, M.","Raffaelli, R.","Basili, R.","Pazienza, M. T.","Saracino, D.","Zanzotto, F.","Mana, N.","Pianesi, F.","Delmonte, R."],"authors_source":"Montemagni S.; Barsotti F.; Battista M.; Calzolari N.; Corazzari O.; Lenci A.; Pirrelli V.; Zampolli A.; Fanciulli F.; Massetani M.; Raffaelli R.; Basili R.; Pazienza M.T.; Saracino D.; Zanzotto F.; Mana N.; Pianesi F.; Delmonte R.","authors_cnr_name":["MONTEMAGNI, SIMONETTA","PIRRELLI, VITO"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp16780","rp03420"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"461-492","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/37665","volume":"16-17","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-12 11:29:25","last_updated_oai":"2024-05-12 11:29:25","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2358,"id_source":37667,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"ItalWordNet: building a large semantic database for the automatic treatment of Italian","year":2003,"authors":["Roventini, A.","Alonge, A.","Bertagna, F.","Calzolari, N.","Cancila, J.","Girardi, C.","Magnini, B.","Marinelli, R.","Speranza, M.","Zampolli, A."],"authors_source":"Roventini, A; Alonge, A; Bertagna, F; Calzolari, N; Cancila, J; Girardi, C; Magnini, B; Marinelli, R; Speranza, M; Zampolli, A","authors_cnr_name":["ROVENTINI, ADRIANA","MARINELLI, RITA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp21335","rp20115"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Abstract-This paper describes the main characteristics of the ItalWordNet semantic database, built in the context of the SI-TAL Italian National Project, within which a set of integrated resources and tools for the automatic treatment of the Italian language was realized. The database was created by extending the Italian wordnet developed within the EuroWordNet project, by adding: i) adjectives, adverbs and proper nouns (not dealt with in EuroWordNet); ii) a terminological subset related to the economic-financial domain. The relevant changes involved by these extensions both in the linguistic model and in the data structure are also illustrated. In particular, we discuss: i) the overall architecture of the database; ii) the semantic relations used to encode information on synsets; iii) the changes made to the EuroWordNet Top Ontology structure; iv) the specific characteristics of the terminological subset and the solutions adopted to link it to the generic wordnet. Keywords-synset, semantic database, wordnet, semantic","keywords":["Database lessicale","Rete semantica","Relazioni semantiche","Risorse linguistiche"],"pages":"745-791","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/37667","volume":"18-19","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-13 10:59:36","last_updated_oai":"2024-04-13 10:59:36","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2373,"id_source":37657,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"The PAROLE model and the Italian Syntactic lexicon","year":2003,"authors":["Ruimy, N.","Corazzari, O.","Gola, E.","Spanu, A.","Calzolari, N.","Zampolli, A."],"authors_source":"Ruimy, N; Corazzari, O; Gola, E; Spanu, A; Calzolari, N; Zampolli, A","authors_cnr_name":["RUIMY, NILDA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp21325"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Abstract-This paper presents an overview of a large scale Syntactic Computational Lexicon of Italian. This lexicon was elaborated in the framework of the EC funded LE-PAROLE project, which developed core, generic and re-usable written language resources in 12 EU languages. All monolingual lexica were built according to the same design principles, same linguistic specifications and representation format. The PAROLE Italian lexicon is representative of modern Italian language use. The entries were selected on a frequency basis from the ILC Corpus and the syntactic structures encoded were partly inferred from their contexts of occurrence. Both the general structure of a PAROLE lexicon and the specificity of its Italian instantiation are presented. Some languagespecific linguistic and lexicographic options concerning crucial issues to a lexicon building process are illustrated. An overview of the syntactic structures encoded for verbs, nouns and adjectives allows lexicon syntactic coverage as well as description fine-grainedness to be estimated","keywords":[],"pages":"793-820","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/37657","volume":"18-19","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"LINGUISTICA COMPUTAZIONALE","publisher":"","issn":"0392-6907","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-06 10:57:01","last_updated_oai":"2024-04-06 10:57:01","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2590,"id_source":37673,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"A computational semantic lexicon of Italian: SIMPLE","year":2003,"authors":["Ruimy, N.","Monachini, M.","Gola, E.","Calzolari, N.","Del Fiorentino, M.","Ulivieri, M.","Rossi, S."],"authors_source":"Ruimy N, Monachini M, Gola E, Calzolari N, Del Fiorentino MC, Ulivieri M, Rossi S","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Abstract-This paper describes the Italian Semantic Computational Lexicon elaborated in the framework of the European LE-SIMPLE Project. SIMPLE was aimed at adding a layer of semantic information to a subset of PAROLE lexica. The SIMPLE framework is based principally on the Generative Lexicon theory which allows to express the multidimensionality of meaning by means of \u0091qualia structure\u0092. Word senses are described according to their position within the SIMPLE ontology, which is based on the principle of orthogonal inheritance and consists of semantic types for characterizing simple nouns, event and property denoting lexical units. The encoding process is guided by templates, that are schematic structures containing clusters of structured information specific to each semantic type. Besides a high degree of granularity of meaning representation, the SIMPLE lexicon presents innovative aspects such as link between the syntactic and semantic levels of information, description of predicative representation and enforcement of selectional restrictions\/preferences on arguments","keywords":[],"pages":"821-864","url":"","volume":"18-19","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"LINGUISTICA COMPUTAZIONALE","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_oai":"2024-05-26 16:42:49","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2316,"id_source":37681,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"Foreword","year":2003,"authors":["Zampolli, A.","Calzolari, N.","Cignoni, L."],"authors_source":"Zampolli, A; Calzolari, N; Cignoni, L","authors_cnr_name":["CIGNONI, LAURA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp03830"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"xiii-xv","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/37681","volume":"16-17","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-01 13:16:40","last_updated_oai":"2024-06-01 13:16:40","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2420,"id_source":134783,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"book_chapter","type_order":4,"title":"The EAGLES\/ISLE Initiative for Setting Standards: the Computational Lexicon Working Group for Multilingual Lexicons","year":2003,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Zampolli, A."],"authors_source":"Calzolari N.; Zampolli A.","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/134783","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-23 14:10:26","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2398,"id_source":134773,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"book_chapter","type_order":4,"title":"Risorse linguistiche per un accesso al 'contenuto'","year":2003,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Zampolli, A.","Lenci, A."],"authors_source":"Calzolari N.; Zampolli A.; Lenci A.","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/134773","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-21 15:49:29","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2369,"id_source":134774,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"book_chapter","type_order":4,"title":"Building the Italian Syntactic-Semantic Treebank","year":2003,"authors":["Montemagni, S.","Barsotti, F.","Battista, M.","Calzolari, N.","Corazzari, O.","Lenci, A.","Zampolli, A.","Raffaelli, R.","Pazienza, M.","Mana, N.","Delmonte, R."],"authors_source":"Montemagni, S; Barsotti, F; Battista, M; Calzolari, N; Corazzari, O; Lenci, A; Zampolli, A; Raffaelli, R; Pazienza, Mt; Mana, N; Delmonte, R et alii","authors_cnr_name":["MONTEMAGNI, SIMONETTA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp16780"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":["Corpora testuali","Annot. sintattica","Annot. semantica","Treebank"],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/134774","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-06-14 00:41:03","last_updated_oai":"2025-06-14 00:41:03","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2409,"id_source":77210,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"New Perspectives for Lexical Resources in the Semantic Web Scenario","year":2003,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Bertagna, F.","Lenci, A.","Monachini, M."],"authors_source":"Calzolari N.; Bertagna F.; Lenci A.; Monachini M.","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"10-19","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/77210","volume":"","doi":"","editors":["Bouillon, P.","Kanzaki, K."],"editors_source":"P. Bouillon, K. Kanzaki (eds.)","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"GL 2003-Second International Workshop on Generative Approaches to the Lexicon","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-03-11 14:27:19","last_updated_oai":"2024-03-11 14:27:19","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2375,"id_source":77203,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Towards Multiword and Multilingual Lexicons: Between Theory and Practice","year":2003,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Lenci, A.","Quochi, V."],"authors_source":"Calzolari, N; Lenci, A; Quochi, V","authors_cnr_name":["QUOCHI, VALERIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp13283"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/77203","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"Linguistics and Phonetics 2002 Conference","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-22 13:05:24","last_updated_oai":"2024-05-22 13:05:24","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2347,"id_source":431276,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Un lexique \u00e9lectronique multi-niveaux de l'italien","year":2003,"authors":["Ruimy, N.","Monachini, M.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Ruimy, N; Monachini, M; Calzolari, N","authors_cnr_name":["RUIMY, NILDA","MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp21325","rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"CLIPS est la plus vaste ressource lexicale \u00e9lectronique de l'italien. Elle comprend 55. 000 mots cod\u00e9s \u00e0 4 niveaux de description linguistique. La repr\u00e9sentation lexicale est bas\u00e9e sur des standards internationaux: CLIPS utilise en effet le m\u00eame mod\u00e8le, le m\u00eame langage de repr\u00e9sentation et la m\u00eame m\u00e9thodologie que 11 autres lexiques d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s au cours des projets europ\u00e9ens PAROLE et SIMPLE. Les informations fournies, particuli\u00e8rement utiles pour des applications de TLH, sont tr\u00e8s structur\u00e9es, granulaires et innovatrices, avec entre autres au niveau s\u00e9mantique la Extended Qualia Structure, bas\u00e9e sur la th\u00e9orie du Lexique G\u00e9n\u00e9ratif, et la repr\u00e9sentation pr\u00e9dicative. La description d'une unit\u00e9 lexicale est un continuum \u00e0 travers les diff\u00e9rents niveaux d'information. Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s phonologiques, morphologiques et syntaxiques d'un lemme, ainsi que son\/ses sch\u00e9ma(s) d'arguments sont d\u00e9crits. Au niveau s\u00e9mantique, chaque lex\u00e8me\/sens est associ\u00e9 \u00e0 un vaste ensemble structur\u00e9 d'informations, parmi lesquelles son type ontologique et l'expression-au moyen des relations qualia-des diff\u00e9rentes facettes de sa s\u00e9mantique. La repr\u00e9sentation pr\u00e9dicative d\u00e9crit, quant \u00e0 elle, le sc\u00e9nario s\u00e9mantique (dans lequel le mot s'ins\u00e8re) et ses participants auxquels sont attribu\u00e9s r\u00f4le th\u00e9matique et contraintes s\u00e9mantiques. La relation des niveaux syntaxique et s\u00e9mantique est assur\u00e9e par des liens permettant de projeter les structures argumentales sur leur(s) r\u00e9alisation(s) syntaxique(s). Une telle richesse d'information, et en particulier celle fournie par la Extended Qualia, permet notamment 1) de constituer des r\u00e9seaux s\u00e9mantiques, en formulant une requ\u00eate sur l'ensemble des relations qualia contenant un mot-cl\u00e9; 2) d'extraire des noyaux de vocabulaire de domaines sp\u00e9cifiques, en alternant requ\u00eates sur qualia et sens; 3) d'acqu\u00e9rir des collocations lexicales, en exploitant les liens syntagmatiques \u00e9v\u00e8nements\/entit\u00e9s exprim\u00e9s par les qualia; 4) de d\u00e9sambigu\u00efser la contribution s\u00e9mantique du modificateur dans certains groupes nominaux complexes, en analysant la structure qualia de la t\u00eate","keywords":[],"pages":"1-10","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/431276","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"80-86732-21-5","conference_name":"CIL XVII International Congress of Linguists","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-29 09:37:49","last_updated_oai":"2024-05-29 09:37:49","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2400,"id_source":77215,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"ItalWordNet in an annotation task: a chance for discussion","year":2003,"authors":["Soria, C.","Bertagna, F.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Soria C.; Bertagna F.; Calzolari N.","authors_cnr_name":["SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/77215","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-08-11 07:05:02","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2381,"id_source":195189,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"POESIA Lexical Resources and Tools for Each Language","year":2003,"authors":["Allegrini, P.","Calzolari, N.","Marchi, S.","Montemagni, S.","Hepple, M.","Ireson, N. G. H. J. M.","Carrero, G. F.","De Buenaga, R. M.","Puera, S. E."],"authors_source":"Allegrini P.; Calzolari N.; Marchi S.; Montemagni S.; Hepple M.; Ireson N. Gomez Hidalgo J.M.; Carrero Garcia F.; de Buenaga Rodriguez M.; Puera Sanz E.","authors_cnr_name":["MARCHI, SIMONE","MONTEMAGNI, SIMONETTA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp09286","rp16780"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"The aim of this report is to review the various resources that the different language processing sites expect to use in the development of their language-specific text filtering components. Some of the required resources are ones that were developed before Poesia, possibly by one the Poesia partners, or possibly elsewhere but being now in the public domain. Such resources may require adaptation to the Poesia task. Other resources required for Poesia will be developed as part of the project. In some cases, this development has already been done or is in progress, whilst in others, it is yet to be undertaken. In what follows, the status of each of the resources described will be made clear in terms of these alternatives","keywords":["Lexical Resources","nlp"],"pages":"30","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/195189","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-29 11:56:36","last_updated_oai":"2024-06-29 11:56:36","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2374,"id_source":288269,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"Resources Roadmap (First Release)","year":2003,"authors":["Baroni, P.","Calzolari, N.","Fiorentini, G."],"authors_source":"Baroni, P; Calzolari, N; Fiorentini, G","authors_cnr_name":["BARONI, PAOLA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp24987"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"ELSNET-4 Deliverable D6. 1","keywords":["Language Resources","Roadmaps"],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/288269","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-14 11:29:06","last_updated_oai":"2024-04-14 11:29:06","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2360,"id_source":195188,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"Resources Landscape Map (1st release)","year":2003,"authors":["Baroni, P.","Calzolari, N.","Fiorentini, G.","Lenci, A.","Monachini, M."],"authors_source":"Baroni P.; Calzolari N.; Fiorentini G.; Lenci A.; Monachini M.","authors_cnr_name":["BARONI, PAOLA","MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp24987","rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/195188","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-11-28 00:35:07","last_updated_oai":"2024-11-28 00:35:07","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2368,"id_source":288896,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"Resources Landscape (First Release)","year":2003,"authors":["Baroni, P.","Calzolari, N.","Fiorentini, G.","Lenci, A.","Monachini, M."],"authors_source":"Baroni P.; Calzolari N.; Fiorentini G.; Lenci A.; Monachini M.","authors_cnr_name":["BARONI, PAOLA","MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp24987","rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"ELSNET-4 Deliverable D6. 2","keywords":["Language Resources","Landscapes"],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/288896","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-05 21:33:18","last_updated_oai":"2024-05-05 21:33:18","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2401,"id_source":195154,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"Extended Configuration of the Network and Final Report","year":2003,"authors":["Baroni, P.","Calzolari, N.","Lenci, A."],"authors_source":"Baroni P.; Calzolari N.; Lenci A.","authors_cnr_name":["BARONI, PAOLA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp24987"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"ENABLER Deliverable D1. 2","keywords":["Language Resources","Networks"],"pages":"21","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/195154","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-03-26 19:36:40","last_updated_oai":"2024-03-26 19:36:40","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2384,"id_source":195155,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"Report on the Feasibility and the Organisational Requirements for the Construction of Multilingual LRs","year":2003,"authors":["Bertagna, F.","Calzolari, N.","Lenci, A.","Monachini, M."],"authors_source":"Bertagna, F; Calzolari, N; Lenci, A; Monachini, M","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/195155","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-19 23:08:11","last_updated_oai":"2024-04-19 23:08:11","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2350,"id_source":195178,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"MILE Users? 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Calzolari, N; Monachini, M","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/195186","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-02 11:31:27","last_updated_oai":"2024-06-02 11:31:27","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2410,"id_source":195163,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"Improving Harmonisation between Resources: Divergence\/Convergence between Specifications and de-facto Standards","year":2003,"authors":["Monachini, M.","Bertagna, F.","Calzolari, N.","Lenci, A."],"authors_source":"Monachini, M; Bertagna, F; Calzolari, N; Lenci, A","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/195163","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-27 21:47:56","last_updated_oai":"2024-04-27 21:47:56","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2407,"id_source":195164,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"Towards a Standard for the Creation of Lexica","year":2003,"authors":["Monachini, M.","Bertagna, F.","Calzolari, N.","Underwood, N.","Navarretta, C."],"authors_source":"Monachini M.; Bertagna F.; Calzolari N.; Underwood N.; Navarretta C.","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/195164","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-28 19:13:16","last_updated_oai":"2024-06-28 19:13:16","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2352,"id_source":195167,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"Progetto CLIPS: Specifiche Linguistiche e Manuale di Codifica, Livello semantico","year":2003,"authors":["Ruimy, N.","Monachini, M.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Ruimy, N; Monachini, M; Calzolari, N","authors_cnr_name":["RUIMY, NILDA","MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp21325","rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/195167","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-12 11:27:48","last_updated_oai":"2024-05-12 11:27:48","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2412,"id_source":195166,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"Progetto CLIPS: Specifiche Linguistiche e Manuale di Codifica, Livello sintattico","year":2003,"authors":["Ruimy, N.","Monachini, M.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Ruimy N.; Monachini M.; Calzolari N.","authors_cnr_name":["RUIMY, NILDA","MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp21325","rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/195166","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-03-22 23:50:46","last_updated_oai":"2024-03-22 23:50:46","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2424,"id_source":37683,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"Evaluating Lexical Resources Using Senseval","year":2002,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Soria, C.","Bertagna, F.","Barsotti, F."],"authors_source":"Calzolari, N; Soria, C; Bertagna, F; Barsotti, F","authors_cnr_name":["SORIA, CLAUDIA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp17652"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"The aim of our paper is twofold: to introduce some general reflections on the task of lexical semantic annotation and the adequacy of existing lexical-semantic reference resources, while giving an overall description of the Italian lexical sample task for the SENSEVAL-2 experiment. We suggest how the SENSEVAL exercise (and comparison between the two editions of the experiment) can be employed to evaluate the lexical reference resources used for annotation. We conclude with a few general remarks on the gap between the lexicon, a partially decontextualised object, and the corpus, where context plays a significant role","keywords":["Risorse Lessicali","Disambiguazione","Semantica","Annotazione","Wordnet"],"pages":"375-390","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/37683","volume":"8 (4)","doi":"10.1017\/S1351324902003017","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"NATURAL LANGUAGE ENGINEERING (ONLINE)","publisher":"","issn":"1469-8110","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-05 10:48:06","last_updated_oai":"2024-04-05 10:48:06","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2433,"id_source":128484,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"CLIPS, A Multil-level Italian Computational Lexicon: a Glimpse to Data","year":2002,"authors":["Ruimy, N.","Monachini, M.","Distante, R.","Guazzini, E.","Molino, S.","Ulivieri, M.","Calzolari, N.","Zampolli",", N."],"authors_source":"Ruimy N; Monachini M; Distante R; Guazzini E; Molino S; Ulivieri M; Calzolari N; Zampolli; N","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"CLIPS is a multi-layered Italian computational lexicon based on the PAROLE-SIMPLE model. In this paper we briefly recall the main characteristics of the model and devote our attention to issues emerging from the encoding of large quantities of data, especially in relation to those types of syntactic and semantic information specific to our lexicon and that reflect innovative features of the underlying model","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/128484","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-03 03:38:26","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2438,"id_source":403212,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"POESIA Software Architecture Definition Document","year":2002,"authors":["Starynkevitch, B.","Daoudi, M.","Tombelle, C.","Zheng, H.","Hepple, M.","Ireson, N.","Gomezhildago, J.","Allegrini, P.","Calzolari, N.","Marchi, S.","Montemagni, S.","Guerra, S."],"authors_source":"Starynkevitch, B; Daoudi, M; Tombelle, C; Zheng, H; Hepple, M; Ireson, N; Gomezhildago, Jm; Allegrini, Paolo; Calzolari, Nicoletta; Marchi, Simone; Montemagni, Simonetta; Guerra, S","authors_cnr_name":["MARCHI, SIMONE","MONTEMAGNI, SIMONETTA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp09286","rp16780"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Software Architecture Definition Document","keywords":["NLP","Software Engineering"],"pages":"68-80","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/403212","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-25 16:38:05","last_updated_oai":"2024-06-25 16:38:05","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2444,"id_source":50335,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"Lexical-Semantic Tagging of an Italian Corpus","year":2001,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Corazzari, O.","Zampolli, A."],"authors_source":"Calzolari N.; Corazzari O.; Zampolli A.","authors_cnr_name":[],"authors_cnr_id":[],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Semantically tagged corpora are becoming an urgent need for training and evaluation within many applications. They are also the natural accompaniment of semantic lexicons, for which they constitute both a useful testbed to evaluate their adequacy and a repository of corpus examples for the attested senses. It is essential that sound criteria are defined for their construction and a specific methodology is set up for the treatment of various semantic phenomena. We present some observations and results concerning the lexical-semantic tagging of an Italian corpus within the framework of two projects: the ELSNET feasibility study, part of a preparatory phase started with Senseval\/Romanseval, and an Italian National Project (TAL), where one of the components is the lexical-semantic annotation of larger quantities of texts for an Italian syntactic-semantic Treebank. The results of the ELSNET experiment have been of utmost importance for the definition of the technical guidelines for the lexical-semantic level of annotation of the Treebank","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/50335","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-03-26 18:36:00","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2466,"id_source":124413,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"SIMPLE: A General Framework for the Development of Multilingual Lexicons","year":2000,"authors":["Lenci, A.","Bel, N.","Busa, F.","Calzolari, N.","Gola, E.","Monachini, M.","Ogonowsky, A.","Peters, I.","Peters, W.","Ruimy, N.","Villegas, M.","Zampolli, A."],"authors_source":"Lenci A.; Bel N.; Busa F.; Calzolari N.; Gola E.; Monachini M.; Ogonowsky A.; Peters I.; Peters W.; Ruimy N.; Villegas M.; Zampolli A.","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"The project LE-SIMPLE is an innovative attempt at building harmonized syntacticsemantic lexicons for twelve European languages, intended for use in different Human Language Technology applications. SIMPLE provides a general design model for the encoding of a large amount of semantic information, ranging from ontological typing, to argument structure and terminology. SIMPLE thus provides a general framework for resource development, where state-of-the-art results in lexical semantics are coupled with the needs of Language Engineering applications accessing semantic information","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/124413","volume":"","doi":"10.1093\/ijl\/13.4.249","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEXICOGRAPHY","publisher":"","issn":"0950-3846","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-04 21:27:02","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2472,"id_source":124394,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"SIMPLE: A General Framework for the Development of Multilingual Lexicons","year":2000,"authors":["Bel, N.","Busa, F.","Calzolari, N.","Gola, E.","Lenci, A.","Monachini, M.","Ogonowsky, A.","Peters, I.","Peters, W.","Ruimy, N.","Villegas, M.","Zampolli, A."],"authors_source":"Bel N.; Busa F.; Calzolari N.; Gola E.; Lenci A.; Monachini M.; Ogonowsky A.; Peters I.; Peters W.; Ruimy N.; Villegas M.; Zampolli A.","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"The project LE-SIMPLE is an innovative attempt of building harmonized syntactic-semantic lexicons for 12 European languages, aimed at use in different Human Language Technology applications. SIMPLE provides a general design model for the encoding of a large amount of semantic information, spanning from ontological typing, to argument structure and terminology. SIMPLE thus provides a general framework for resource development, where state-of-the-art results in lexical semantics are coupled with the needs of Language Engineering applications accessing semantic information","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/124394","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-05 21:05:58","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2457,"id_source":208538,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"SIMPLE Linguistic Specifications","year":2000,"authors":["Lenci, A.","Busa, F.","Ruimy, N.","Gola, E.","Monachini, M.","Calzolari, N.","Pustejovsky, A. Z. J.","Ogonowski, A.","McCawley, C.","Peters, I.","Peters, W.","Gaizauskas, R.","Villegas, M."],"authors_source":"Alessandro Lenci; Federica Busa; Nilda Ruimy; Elisabetta Gola; Monica Monachini; Nicoletta Calzolari; Antonio Zampolli James Pustejovsky; A Ogonowski; C McCawley; I Peters; W Peters; R Gaizauskas; M Villegas","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"The SIMPLE project represents-at our knowledge-the first attempt to tackle encoding of semantic (argument) frames on a large scale, i. e. for so many languages and with rather wide coverage. Even though it is a real lexicon building project, it must also be seen as having challenging research aspects and will provide a framework for testing and evaluating the maturity of the current state-of-the-art in the realm of lexical semantics grounded on, and connected to, a syntactic foundation. The availability of rather large, uniformly structured lexical resources in so many EU languages will offer the users the benefits of a standardized base. According to the subsidiarity concept, which is at the basis of many EU initiatives, the process started at the EU level will be continued at the national level. This is already happening for a number of languages. The fact that all these LRs will be based on the existing models and standards defined at the European level will create a really large infrastructure of harmonized LR throughout all Europe. This achievement is of major importance in a multilingual country like Europe, where all the difficulties connected with the task of LRs building are multiplied by the language factor. This would have been absolutely impossible without the fundamental role played by the EC LRs and standards projects","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/208538","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-29 09:49:27","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2478,"id_source":115924,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"book_chapter","type_order":4,"title":"Standardization in the Lexicon","year":1999,"authors":["Monachini, M.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Monica Monachini; Nicoletta Calzolari","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"This book provides an in-depth discussion of the field of syntactic wordclass tagging, i. e. the annotation of the words in a text with tags indicating their syntactic properties. Represented are the viewpoints of the two main groups who take an interest in tagging: the users of tagged text and the developers of tagging software. The book starts out by examining the field foremost from the user's point of view. After a brief historical overview, the nature and uses of tagging are discussed and current practice is described. Here the user will find what tagging is and the software developer what it is the user wants. The book then switches to the other point of view and continues with a detailed explanation of the most common computational techniques for automatically tagging large amounts of text. Here the software developer finds information needed for the implementation of a tagger while the user gains insight into the possibilities and impossibilities of automatic tagging and how computer-provided tags should be interpreted","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/115924","volume":"","doi":"10.1007\/978-94-015-9273-4_11","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-26 11:33:23","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2491,"id_source":363528,"institutes":["ILC","ISTI"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Building the italian component of EuroWordNet: a language-specific perspective","year":1998,"authors":["Roventini, A.","Bertagna, F.","Calzolari, N.","Peters, C."],"authors_source":"Roventini A.; Bertagna F.; Calzolari N.; Peters C.","authors_cnr_name":["ROVENTINI, ADRIANA","PETERS, CAROL ANN"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp21335","rp21090"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"An abstract is not available","keywords":["Lexical semantics","EuroWord-Net","Italian semantic database"],"pages":"10","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/363528","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"Actes Euralex'98. Communications soumises a Euralex'98. 8eme Congres International de Lexicographie","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-03-18 06:06:25","last_updated_oai":"2024-03-18 06:06:25","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2486,"id_source":389176,"institutes":["ILC","ISTI"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Building a semantic network for italian using existing lexical resources","year":1998,"authors":["Roventini, A.","Peters, C.","Calzolari, N.","Bertagna, F."],"authors_source":"Roventini, A; Peters, C; Calzolari, N; Bertagna, F","authors_cnr_name":["ROVENTINI, ADRIANA","PETERS, CAROL ANN"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp21335","rp21090"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"An abstract is not available","keywords":["Content analysis and indexing"],"pages":"377-383","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/389176","volume":"","doi":"","editors":["Rubio, A."],"editors_source":"A. Rubio et al...","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"First International Conference on Language Resource and Evaluation","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-18 15:37:42","last_updated_oai":"2024-06-18 15:37:42","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2511,"id_source":141713,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"book_chapter","type_order":4,"title":"EAGLES Proposal for Morphosyntactic Standards: in View of a Ready-to-Use Package","year":1996,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Monachini, M."],"authors_source":"Calzolari, Nicoletta; Monachini, Monica","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/141713","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-03-03 07:07:49","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2510,"id_source":128435,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Speech Act and Perception Verbs. Generalization and Contrastive Aspects","year":1996,"authors":["Corazzari, O.","Monachini, M.","Roventini, A.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Corazzari O.; Monachini M.; Roventini A.; Calzolari N.","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/128435","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-03 23:26:11","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2505,"id_source":198792,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"Synopsis and comparison of morphosyntactic phenomena encoded in lexicons and corpora: A common proposal and applications to European languages","year":1996,"authors":["Monachini, M.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Monachini Monica; Calzolari Nicoletta","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"Computational lexicons represent an area where a pressing need is felt for the provision of basic largescale resources which must be actually reusable interchangeable shareable and also integrable in a multilingual environment. In terms of costs and eort it is quite expensive to produce such resources in detail. In the construction of largescale resources and in the denition of annotation strategies reusability is an essential requisite to pursue. The Morphosyntax area was among the first in which EAGLES concentrated its efforts because it is a more mature area where a lot of work has already been done many systems approaches and data exist for many languages this constitutes a solid platform for making reasonable and acceptable proposals for standards","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/198792","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-24 17:31:20","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2522,"id_source":118633,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Standards in Morphosyntax: Towards a Ready-to-use Package","year":1995,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Monachini, M."],"authors_source":"Calzolari, Nicoletta; Monachini, Monica","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/118633","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-28 15:55:17","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2528,"id_source":115891,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"Corpora and Computational Lexica: Integration of Different Methodologies of Lexical Knowledge Acquisition","year":1994,"authors":["Bindi, R.","Calzolari, N.","Monachini, M.","Pirrelli, V.","Zampolli, A."],"authors_source":"Bindi, Remo; Calzolari, Nicoletta; Monachini, Monica; Pirrelli, Vito; Zampolli, Antonio","authors_cnr_name":["BINDI, REMO","MONACHINI, MONICA","PIRRELLI, VITO"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp02230","rp19457","rp03420"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"An attempt to integrate different techniques and various perspectives on lexical knowledge acquisition from text corpora is illustrated. In this program we use three distinct methodologies to handle text data, summarized as follows: (1) Simple and traditional stochastic techniques working on pairs of words. (2) A lexicographic approach guided by the techniques mentioned in Section 1, aiming at a formal description of sense disambiguation in terms of rules. (3) More complex and sophisticated statistical methods working on sets of words (possibly belonging to the same semantic field), which allow us to gain a new perspective on the problem of sense disambiguation. The three approaches are complementary to each other and can be contextually used. The overall objective of our work is to try to integrate data and information coming from different sources, i. e. machine-readable dictionaries, text corpora, linguists' or lexicographers' knowledge, within a computational lexicon. We stress the necessity of convergence of (1) lexical and textual projects, (2) computational and traditional lexicography, and (3) statistical and rule based approaches","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/115891","volume":"","doi":"10.1093\/llc\/9.1.29","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"LITERARY & LINGUISTIC COMPUTING","publisher":"","issn":"0268-1145","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-07 11:01:47","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2656,"id_source":364183,"institutes":["ILC","ISTI"],"type":"journal_article","type_order":1,"title":"Lexical knowledge bases","year":1994,"authors":["Calzolari Zamorani, N.","Peters, C."],"authors_source":"Calzolari Zamorani, N; Peters, C","authors_cnr_name":["PETERS, CAROL ANN"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp21090"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"One of the major current requirements in real world natural language processing applications is the construction of suitably structured and sufficiently exhaustive computational lexicons or lexical knowledge bases (LKBs). However, this is an extremely difficult, time consuming and expensive task, especially if it is necessary to start from scratch. For this reason, in recent years, researchers have begun to examine the potential or already existing resources, such as machine readable dictionaries and text archives, to see whether it is possible to develop procedures that can capture different kinds of lexical information from them, representing it in a computationally tractable and reusable formal framework","keywords":["Lexical databases","Information storage and retrieval. Dictionaries"],"pages":"10-11","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/364183","volume":"18","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"ERCIM NEWS","publisher":"","issn":"0926-4981","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-06-14 00:37:06","last_updated_oai":"2025-06-14 00:37:06","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2532,"id_source":424362,"institutes":["ILC","ISTI"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"ET10\/51-Deliverable 8: Evaluation Report","year":1994,"authors":["Barnbrook, G.","Calzolari, N.","Federici, S.","Hoelter, M.","Montemagni, S.","Peters, C.","Schnelle, H.","Sinclair, J."],"authors_source":"Barnbrook G.; Calzolari N.; Federici S.; Hoelter M.; Montemagni S.; Peters C.; Schnelle H.; Sinclair J.","authors_cnr_name":["MONTEMAGNI, SIMONETTA","PETERS, CAROL ANN"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp16780","rp21090"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"The objective of the work in Pisa has been to translate and produce instantiations of the syntactically parsed definitions of the Cobuild dictionary: provided by Birmingham in a Typed Feature Structure formalism. However, as described in Methodology above, our results have been produced at two different levels: intermediate results; final results in the form of TFS entries. In the following, we will discuss briefly the possible applications of these different results for the three user types recognized in the introduction to this section: i. Human user ii. Human user-assisted by the machine iii. The machine Obviously, the discussion here below refers entirely to the results that would be obtained once the parser has been applied to the whole dictionary","keywords":["Language","Computational linguistics","Formal Definitions and Theory"],"pages":"38","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/424362","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-05 20:44:10","last_updated_oai":"2024-05-05 20:44:10","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2533,"id_source":424783,"institutes":["ILC","ISTI"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"ET-10\/51-Final Report: Par. 3-Extracting, representing and using syntactic-semantic information from cobuild definitions","year":1994,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Federici, S.","Montemagni, S.","Peters, C."],"authors_source":"Calzolari, N; Federici, S; Montemagni, S; Peters, C","authors_cnr_name":["MONTEMAGNI, SIMONETTA","PETERS, CAROL ANN"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp16780","rp21090"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"In May 1992 a new research project brought together the authors of this report. With the help and support of several other people and institutions, they worked steadily for two years, trying to improve the design and building of machine-usable lexicons, for automatic translation and many other applications. The starting point was clear. Around 1989 Helmut Schnelle of the Ruhr-Universitat Bochum became interested in the way in which words were defined in a new kind of dictionary called Cobuild. He thought that since theywere couched in sentences of apparently ordinary English, and had distinctive and repetitive shapes according to their meanings, it should be possible to represent them in logical form by means of regular rules","keywords":["Language","Computational linguistics","Formal Definitions and Theory","Sema"],"pages":"162","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/424783","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-06-12 01:48:04","last_updated_oai":"2025-06-12 01:48:04","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2536,"id_source":363145,"institutes":["ILC","ISTI"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"Extracting syntactic-semantic information from cobuild definitions and representing it in TFS","year":1993,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Federici, S.","Peters, C.","Montemagni, S.","Spanu, A."],"authors_source":"Calzolari, N; Federici, S; Peters, C; Montemagni, S; Spanu, A","authors_cnr_name":["PETERS, CAROL ANN","MONTEMAGNI, SIMONETTA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp21090","rp16780"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"In this part of the Deliverable, we present (i) the work in Pisa on the design and development of a specialised parser to extract syntactic-semantic information from the definitions contained in the Cobuild Student's Dictionary and (ii) a preliminary proposal for the mapping of such information onto a TFS representation system. The work discussed here concentrates on the analysis and extraction of information from the left hand side (LHS) of the definition and the parser must be considered as a first prototype version, to be further refined and extended as our work progresses. Similarly, once we have been able to assess the first results of the parser, it will be possible to define the most appropriate type system to represent the information extracted from this side of the definition","keywords":["Representation languages","Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods"],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/363145","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-04-27 22:30:57","last_updated_oai":"2024-04-27 22:30:57","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2537,"id_source":363132,"institutes":["ILC","ISTI"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"Processing the ITU vocabulary: revisions and adaptations to the Pisa syntactic-semantic parser","year":1993,"authors":["Peters, C.","Federici, S.","Montemagni, S.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Peters, C; Federici, S; Montemagni, S; Calzolari, N","authors_cnr_name":["PETERS, CAROL ANN","MONTEMAGNI, SIMONETTA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp21090","rp16780"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"The first version of the Pisa syntactic-semantic parser was described in detail in Deliverable 4, Section 2 and Appendices 2, 3, and 4. The scope of this report is to discuss the testing of the parser on the sample set of vocabulary which has been selected from the ITU Corpus (see Deliverable 6. 1) and to illustrate the revisions and extensions that are now being implemented. The report therefore concentrates on presenting analysis and extraction activities. We need to specify clearly all the kinds of information that we can extract from the Cobuild definitions before completing the description of the type system that will be used to represent them (to appear in Deliverable 7). Our parser takes as input the syntactically parsed definitions from Birmingham (referred to as the Birmingham input from now on) and analyses them, using complex pattern matching techniques, in order to derive and extract syntactic and semantic information. While the testing of the first version has confirmed the validity of the core procedures, it is clear that a strategy based on string matching must be tested over a relatively large sample of data before we can identify all the potentially significant markers that permit us to extract meaningful information. This means that, at least in the early stages, each time we test the parser over new samples of definitions, we expect to have to add to the basic set of rules. This report must thus be considered a description of work in progress. When discussing the changes that are now being implemented, continual reference will be made to the description of the first version of the parser presented in Deliverable 4, and to the templates used to represent the information extracted from the definitions. Examples of the new revised templates are given in the Appendix","keywords":["Semantic","Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods"],"pages":"1-17","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/363132","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-25 16:42:32","last_updated_oai":"2024-06-25 16:42:32","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2548,"id_source":117878,"institutes":["ILC"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Lexical Knowledge Acquisition from Textual Corpora: A Multivariate Statistic Approach as an Integration to Traditional Methodologies","year":1991,"authors":["Bindi, R.","Calzolari, N.","Monachini, M.","Pirrelli, V."],"authors_source":"Bindi R.; Calzolari N.; Monachini M.; Pirrelli V.","authors_cnr_name":["MONACHINI, MONICA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp19457"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"","keywords":[],"pages":"","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/117878","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-05-28 15:24:15","last_updated_oai":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2553,"id_source":399936,"institutes":["ILC","ISTI"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"A tool for the second language learner organizing bilingual dictionary data in an interactive workstation","year":1990,"authors":["Picchi, E.","Peters, C.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Picchi, E; Peters, C; Calzolari, N","authors_cnr_name":["PICCHI, EUGENIO","PETERS, CAROL ANN"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp21020","rp21090"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"The data contained in a conventional English\/ ltalian, ltalian\/ English dictionary, recorded in machine-readable form and coded for computer typesetting, have been parsed and organized in a database type structure on a persona! computer. The aim is to implement an interactive bilingual lexical workstation in order to offer the second language learner and user a tool which overcomes many of the restrictions traditionally imposed by the norma! organization of the printed bi\/inguai dictionary and allows him to consult and exploit the lexical materia! 1n new ways","keywords":["Second language learner","Bilingual dictionary","Workstation"],"pages":"334-344","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/399936","volume":"","doi":"","editors":["Choueka, Y."],"editors_source":"Yaacov Choueka","published":"TRAVAUX DE LINGUISTIQUE QUANTITATIVE","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"2-05-101079-X","conference_name":"15th International Conference A. L. L. C","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-08 13:01:15","last_updated_oai":"2024-06-08 13:01:15","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2555,"id_source":398463,"institutes":["ILC","ISTI"],"type":"conference_article","type_order":7,"title":"Implementing a bilingual lexical database system","year":1990,"authors":["Picchi, E.","Peters, C.","Calzolari, N."],"authors_source":"Picchi, E; Peters, C; Calzolari, N","authors_cnr_name":["PICCHI, EUGENIO","PETERS, CAROL ANN"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp21020","rp21090"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"The current state of progress of a research project for the design and development of a bilingual, Italian-English\/English-Italian, lexical database system is presented. The aim is to create an integrated system in which a number of monolingual electronic dictionaries and\/or lexical databases can be linked through the medium of a bilingual database. In addition, procedures are being implemented to establish access paths from the dictionary data to archives of texts in machine-readable form and language reference corpora, and vice versa. The system not only provides the standard look-up functions offered by conventional mono-and bilingual dictionaries but the organization of the data on database structures makes it possible to access and exploit the lexical information in many different and new ways. The structuring of the bilingual component is described in some detail and some of the possible applications envisaged for a tool of this type in the fields of pure and applied linguistics, lexicography and language learning are mentioned","keywords":["Lexical databases"],"pages":"317-329","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/398463","volume":"","doi":"","editors":["Magay, T.","Zigany, J."],"editors_source":"T. Magay, J. Zigany","published":"Budalex '88. 3rd Euralex International Congress. Papers (Budapest, 1988)","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"9630558637","conference_name":"3rd Euralex International Congress. BudaLEX '88","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2025-03-30 21:02:52","last_updated_oai":"2025-03-30 21:02:52","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"},{"id":2556,"id_source":396320,"institutes":["ILC","ISTI"],"type":"technical_report","type_order":9,"title":"Computational model of the dictionary entry. Preliminary report","year":1990,"authors":["Calzolari, N.","Peters, C.","Roventini, A."],"authors_source":"Calzolari, N; Peters, C; Roventini, A","authors_cnr_name":["PETERS, CAROL ANN","ROVENTINI, ADRIANA"],"authors_cnr_id":["rp21090","rp21335"],"authors_cnr_institute":[],"abstract":"The description of the computational model of the dictionary entry to be used within the ACQUILEX Project consists of two separate sections. The first part, Section 1, presents a metod wich can be used to represent in a uniform way the content and structure of the entries of machine-readable dictionaries (MRDs), and cpntains explicitrepresentation of texts of international explicit purpose, Initiative Computational Linguistics Linguistic Computing (ALLC)","keywords":["Computational model","Dictionary entry"],"pages":"96","url":"https:\/\/iris.cnr.it\/handle\/20.500.14243\/396320","volume":"","doi":"","editors":[],"editors_source":"","published":"","publisher":"","issn":"","isbn":"","conference_name":"","conference_place":"","conference_date":"","last_updated_cnr":"2024-06-01 12:51:24","last_updated_oai":"2024-06-01 12:51:24","last_updated_www":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"}]